There are several colonization projects on Mars, as long as it ends up confirming that there is no life on Mars, which is not a closed option, we still have two sites left to search and confirm, one would be under the ice of the Martian poles and the other site would be under the surface in the aquifers, liquid water that exists under the Martian surface, which not long ago was discovered to be large quantities of water, enormous in size like an ocean, literally, which is not so strange either because keep in mind that on Earth much of the water It's under the surface.
Ocean basins are not airtight, they are not swimming pools, they are not a bathtub, the water filters to where it can filter, obviously, at a certain temperature and at great depth, but under very rare conditions. I mean, pressure, temperature, but there is a large amount of water under the surface and on Mars, when it had oceans, the same thing happened, much of that water filtered down and is still there, and with this it can house bacteria or beings that would have existed on that primitive Mars, because for quite a long time Mars had liquid water and the same conditions that the Earth had for life to arise on it and also in the same period where life arose on Earth.
So, even if only bacteria had arisen, there is a very likely possibility if bacteria emerged on early Mars, that they would have migrated to those underground aquifers and are still there. If there is life on Mars it could be very dangerous to colonize it, but if in the end it is confirmed; We are going to work today with the hypothesis that it is confirmed that there is no life on Mars, and the option of colonizing it is opened, even trying to terraform it, it will not be from today to tomorrow, nor will it be in the plan as defended by Elon Musk.
Elon Musk's controversial proposal to use thermonuclear weapons to create a dense atmosphere on the red planet and begin its terraforming is being raised, an idea that has been floating around in Elon Musk's head and in his public statements since 2018 or for years.
And he demonstrated this by wearing a very particular t-shirt precisely at the event of the test of Starship number 10, which would be the main ship to send humans to Mars, and I say main ship because the Chinese also want to reach Mars, it is not just a matter of Elon Musk, nor of the United States, it is a project that if the United States does not do it, another nation will end up doing it, surely China, that is why I say that sooner or later, even if it is not as fast as Elon Mas wants, this is going to happen.
Whenever he brings up this idea, whether with a t-shirt or a statement, there are always scientists who tell him that “no, EIon, it's not a good idea.” And the idea here is that he wants to melt the Martian poles, along with their gases, especially the CO2 that is trapped in them (At the Martian poles there is a large amount of water ice, but there are also enormous amounts of CO2, frozen carbon dioxide) so that in this way that CO2 vapor and water vapor pass into the atmosphere and increase the atmospheric density of Mars and thus be able to begin terraforming.
Have a significant atmospheric pressure so that liquid water can exist on the surface and rebound with water vapor and CO2 also increase the temperature. ature of the planet because these gases are greenhouse gases, we talk a lot about CO2, but water vapor is even more powerful as a greenhouse effect than CO2, what happens is that CO2 remains in the Martian atmosphere longer than water vapor, which, as soon as it gets a little cold, will end up turning into snow and if there is enough pressure to rain, it would be nice to see it rain on Mars one day.
The problem is that if you use thermonuclear weapons, even if they are hydrogen weapons, which emit less radioactivity than uranium weapons and of course plutonium weapons, you still have some radioactive contamination and you also have to use a large amount of nuclear arsenal, with which you end up radioactively contaminating the entire planet, not just the poles, for centuries, because among other things, Mars is smaller than Earth, so any climatic effect or atomic weapons will have a much greater impact than on Earth.
The Martian colonists are going to need these resources, especially water, which will end up contaminated with radioactivity, so using thermonuclear weapons is not a good idea. In 2018, which must have been the first time that Elon Musk raised this topic, Stanford University issued a report in which they came to the conclusion that the plan would fail, not because of the issue of radioactivity, but because there is not enough CO2 at the Martian poles to achieve a significant atmospheric density that allows habitability on Mars.
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