Quantum computing in the sky.

The following proposal seems improbable at first glance, but part of a real problem, qubits need temperatures close to absolute zero to operate and maintain machines thus cooled on land requires heavy energy consumption and amid the advance of quantum chips announced by Amazon and Microsoft, researchers at the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) suggest an alternative, almost anti-gravitational route to deal with this thermal limitation. Instead of spending energy to cool the technology, the idea is to take the technology to where the cold is and there it exists, the concept presented by the KAUST team describes the use of airships elevated to about 20 km of altitude in the stratosphere, where the air naturally reaches temperatures in the range of -50º, there within these high-altitude platforms enabled for quantum computing, the qubits could operate with greater stability, while solar panels and lithium-sulfur batteries would sustain the system day and night. The additional advantage is to operate above the clouds, away from turbulence and the weather that interferes with ground-based structures. The proposed communication also follows the same technical rigor. The team suggests transmitting data to ground stations using free-space optical communication with light beams crossing the atmosphere. This approach refers to recent tests of photon-based quantum links.

For cloudy days, redundancy would come through radio frequency, while balloons at lower altitudes would function as repeaters to minimize signal losses. The researchers' calculations estimate that this architecture could reduce the energy cost of systems based on ion trap qubits maintained by electromagnetic fields and controlled by lasers by about 21%. Each blimp would be able to move on demand and form mobile processing networks, expanding capacity and coverage as needed. In the group's vision, this would create a global fleet of on-demand quantum computing, floating where natural cold does the work that consumes energy today. The team acknowledges that the current stage is conceptual and depends on significant advances in the quantum hardware itself, but states that future studies must already migrate towards implementation models.

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