There are two planets in the solar system similar to the Earth, which are Mars and Venus, in the case of Mars, the magnetic field does not exist, there are traces, there are fossil remains of a magnetic field, the theory is that although Mars still has a hot core, it is already too small and has cooled down too much to act as a dynamo and create the field, a protective magnetic field, but it did have it in the past, as intense as the Earth could have had it or as the Earth has today.
The other case is Venus, Venus is a large planet, it is almost the size of the Earth and has a hot core, it does not have a protective magnetic field because it rotates extremely slowly, in fact, the year on Venus lasts less than the day on Venus and that is also a factor in creating the dynamo effect, which in the case of Venus practically does not exist, the Earth still retains its magnetic field and I hope for a long time.
And what we have now is that on July 16, NASA published an extensive report with a lot of data about the new mission that it is going to launch at the end of this month, there are two ships and the mission will be called Tracers, an abort of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket is going to be launched, which right now the United States depends on SpaceX rockets.
The Tracers mission stands for tandem electrodynamic cusp reconnaissance and reconnection satellites. The ships are going to fly in low Earth orbit through the polar cusps, which are funnel-shaped holes, and this magnetic reconnection thing, although it sounds strange, is one of the relatively new phenomena that we have discovered and that can cause serious problems for our space climate and our satellite technology.
As the wind emanates from the sun, it also transports part of the solar magnetic field through the solar system, the particles it launches through the solar wind are energetically charged particles that reach speeds greater than 1600,000 km/h, this mixture of charged particles and the solar magnetic field impacts the planets and is what normally generates solar storms and other events.
The Earth's magnetosphere acts as a protective bubble, deflecting most of the force of the solar wind, it can be imagined as a bar magnet that rotates in space to the Earth and as the solar wind collides with the Earth's magnetic field, this interaction accumulates energy that can cause the lines of the Earth's magnetic field to break and explosively eject particles close to it at enormous speeds, this is what is known as magnetic reconnection.
This is the definition given by NASA in the statement, I have always interpreted it as the magnetic lines ending up twisting when they collide with the solar wind, which is basically what we are seeing in the graphs they have published. Do you see this hole here at the north pole? But at the south pole there would be another one exactly like it.
In the image above they are the polar cusps, they are the openings in the Earth's magnetic field through which some particles of the solar wind end up reaching the parts of the atmosphere and the lower parts, even the surface, depending on how powerful the solar storm is, those charged particles end up flowing towards those funnels at the north pole and the south pole and end up colliding with atmospheric gases.
This is the reason why the auroras look more intense the closer to the poles, the auroras may seem pretty to us, but in reality it is an alarm signal, therefore, the more powerful a solar storm is, the further from the poles the auroras can be seen, because it will mean that those holes, those funnels have grown due to the power of that solar storm.
Let's wait for the discoveries they make on this mission to see if we can take action to protect ourselves.
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