[Praga, Republica Cehă

Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, is situated on the banks of the Vltava river in central Bohemia and has nearly 1.2 million inhabitants. Prague is also called "Prague mater urbium" (mother of cities), "City of a hundred bells" or "Golden City". In 1992, the historical center of Pragai was included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage.

Historic
The territory of the present city of Prague was inhabited since the Paleolithic, and centuries later, the commercial roads connecting the northern and southern parts of Europe were passing through the area. The name of Bohemia comes from the Celtic tribes that have lived in this region since the 5th century BC. The Germanic tribes of the Marcomans migrated to Bohemia in the year 9, under the direction of King Maroboduus. Part of the Celts migrated south, while the rest were assimilated by the Marcomans. In 568, most of the Marcomans, accompanied by members of another Germanic tribe, the Lombards, migrated southward. The remaining Marcomans were assimilated by the Western Slavs who invaded the region (the Slavic Czech tribe arrived here in the 7th century).
By the year 800, the Czech monarchs had conquered almost all of Bohemia. The first documentary attested Bohemian monarch is Prince Borivoj Premyslovec, who reigned in the second half of the 9th century. The wife of the prince, Liudmila (who became, after death, the patron saint of Bohemia), was christened by Saints Metodie and Chiril, who brought Christianity to the region in 863. Borivoj moved his residence from the fortified settlement Levy Hradec to a church, a palace called Prague. The courtyard courtyard was also called Prague, the location being known as Prague Castle. Starting with the reign of Borivoj, Prague Castle became the residence of Czech kings. Prague Castle has become the largest inhabited fortress in the world and is today the residence of the Czech President.
Borivoj's nephew, Prince Wenceslas, began friendly relations with the Saxon Dynasty, but his policy was not accepted by Wenceslas 'brother Boleslav, and it is assumed that these misunderstandings were the main reason for Wenceslas' assassination on September 28, 929. The Prince was buried in the Rotonda of St. Vitus, the church he had built during his lifetime, situated on the place where the Chapel of St. Wenceslas in the Cathedral of St. Vitus ascends today. After a few years, Wenceslas was canonized and became the beloved saint protector of Bohemia. He is the "Good King Wenceslas" in Christmas Bohemia Christmas. In 962, Boleslav changed his policy, and Bohemia became part of the newly created Roman Empire with Otto I, the emperor of the Saxon Dynasty.
At the beginning of the tenth century, the area around Prague Castle has grown into an important location for commerce, a place frequented by merchants across Europe. In 965, merchant and Jewish traveler Ibrahim ibn Ya "qub wrote:" Prague is built of stone and lime and is the largest shopping center. The Slavs are all brave and brave ... They occupy the land that is the most fertile and full of different foods. "
In 973, a ward was established in Bohemia and its headquarters are located on the territory of the Prague Castle. The first Czech bishop was Adalbert, who would be canonized in 999 to become the saint of the Czech, Polish and Hungarian churches.
Along with the fortified settlement of Pragai, another fortified settlement was to be built in the 11th century on the other bank of the Vltava river, Vysehrad, during the reign of prince Vratislav II. After 1085, Vysehrad became, for a short while, the city of the seat of the Czech monarchs.
Prince Vladislav II, crowned in 1158, was the founder of a large number of churches and monasteries. Strahov Monastery was built in 1142. The first bridge over the Vltava River - the Judith Bridge - was built in 1170. This bridge collapsed in 1342, and the new bridge, later named Charles Bridge, was built in 1357.
In 1212, Bohemia became the kingdom when Prince Premysl Otakar I was raised to the rank of King through his inheritance from Frederick II, who was to become a emperor in 1215. This new status would become official through the document known as the "Golden Bull of Sicily".
In the thirteenth century, the cities had an important development. Around Praga, three ancient settlements have received city privileges. The settlement at the foot of the Prague Castle became the New Town of Prague in 1257, during the reign of King Otakar II (later baptized Mala Strana - New Prague City). The Hradcany town in the immediate vicinity of Prague Castle dates back to 1320. On the other bank of the Vltava River, Stare Mesto - Old Town Prague - had already received the city's privilege in 1230.
The city of Prague flourished in the fourteenth century during the reign of Charles IV of the Holy Roman Empire of German Neamt in the Luxembourg Dynasty. Carol was the son of Czech princess Eliska Premyslovna and Jan de Luxembourg. Born in Prague in 1316, Carol became king of Bohemia after his father's death