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The inordinate population growth, rapid industrialisation, fast urbanisation and modified agricultural operations have intensified the interaction of man with the environment. As a result there is alarming increase in the pollution of air, water and soil. Human health is seriously affected by environmental and ecological disorders. The situation, if not controlled, would be a big threat to the very survival of mankind of this earth, or even extinction.
AIR POLLUTION
The problem of air pollution is not a new one. It has been around for centuries. More than three centuries ago, JOHN EVENLYN, a noted scientist and diarist complained about severe air pollution around London. He described with great accuracy, the effects of air pollution resulting from combustion of coal.
When we talk of pollution of air, we mean generally the pollution of that part of the atmosphere which is nearest to the earth's surface extending to a height of about 80 km. This is known as homosphere since it is composed of a homogeneous mixture of various constituents.
AIR POLLUTANTS
The air in the nature is never clean. It is invariably polluted. The common gaseous pollutants are CO, CO2, SO2, H2S, NO, NO2 and common solid pollutants, called particulates, are carbon and dust particles, pollens, aerosols of lead, etc. The gaseous pollutants are released into the atmosphere as a result of volcanic activity, vegetation decay, forest fires, coal refuse fires, etc.(natural activities) as well as by combustion of coal and oil, burning of gasoline in automobiles, agricultural and slash burning, etc.(human activities). The particulates are produced by volcanic eruptions, high velocity winds and biological processes(natural activities) as well as by smelting and mining operations, stone crushing and grinding, incomplete combustion, etc.(human activities)
THE VARIOUS AIR POLLUTANTS AND THE SOURCES FROM WHICH THEY ORIGINATE---
| Pollutants | Major sources |
|---|---|
| CO | Incomplete combustion of carbonaceous matter in automobile engines and defective furnaces, incomplete combustion of agricultural & slash matter, volcanic eruptions, forest fires. |
| SO2 | Combustion of sulphur-bearing fuels such as coal and oil, volcanic eruptions. |
| NO,NO2 | Combustion of fuel, interaction of N2 and O2 of the atmosphere at high temperatures. |
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