Un saludo a todos. En este artículo os voy a mostrar, paso a paso, la manera en que preparo un mapa mudo para usarlo, después, como base para un mapa histórico.
Mi intención es ilustrar la campaña de Julio César contra los Helvecios en la primera fase de la Guerra de las Galias (58 a.C.), así que el mapa se va a centrar en la zona de lo que hoy son el este y el sur de Francia, Suiza y norte de Italia. Además de los grafismos que dan información púramente histórica, este tipo de mapas suelen reflejar los ríos y, en menor medida, las cadenas montañosas. A mí sí me interesa plasmar estas últimas porque, en el caso de la migración de los helvecios y la manera de actuar de César contra ellos, tanto el relieve como la hidrografía tuvieron bastante importancia en el devenir de los acontecimientos. Pero quiero hacerlo de una atenuada, de manera que no interfieran con los gráficos que voy a superponer más adelante con toda la información de carácter histórico (líneas de frontera, colores, símbolos y demás).
Greetings to all. In this article I am going to show you, step by step, the way in which I prepare a blank map to use it, later, as a base for a historical map.
My intention is to illustrate Julius Caesar's campaign against the Helvetii in the first phase of the Gallic War (58 BC), so the map will focus on the area of what are now eastern and southern France, Switzerland and northern Italy. In addition to the graphics that give purely historical information, this type of maps usually reflect the rivers and, to a lesser extent, the mountain ranges. I am interested in showing the latter because, in the case of the migration of the Helvetii and the way Caesar acted against them, both relief and hydrography were quite important in the course of events. But I want to do it in an attenuated way, so that they do not interfere with the graphics that I am going to superimpose later with all the information of historical character (border lines, colors, symbols and others).
Bueno, pues para comenzar, voy a extraer el área que me interesa representar de la web Maps-For-Free. Esta web ofrece, bajo dominio público, un modelo de mapa topográfico mundial, escalable y con diversas capas de información superpuestas, que fue creado a partir de los datos tomados por la Shuttle Radar Topography Mission de la NASA y el Servicio Geológico de los Estados Unidos. Una vez tomado una impresión de pantalla, lo pego en un nuevo documento de Photoshop.
To begin with, I will extract the area I am interested in representing from Maps-For-Free. This website offers, under public domain, a scalable, multi-layered and overlaid topographic world map model created from data taken from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, a project carried out by NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey. Once the screen print is taken, I paste it into a new Photoshop document.
Lo primero que hago es colorear los picos más elevados de los Alpes con un color marrón oscuro, ya que el blanco que aparece en el original no me permitiría aplicar uno de los pasos que hay que realizar más adelante. Después, duplico la capa del fondo.
The first thing I do is to color the highest peaks of the Alps with a dark brown color, since the white that appears in the original would not allow me to apply one of the steps to be done later. Then, I duplicate the background layer.
The next step is to improve the profile of the rivers. To do this, I make a selection by color range and with the eyedropper select the blue of the rivers. It will also capture some of the darker blue of the sea, but it doesn't matter. Then, in the layer menu we select New Layer via Copy. This way we will have an overlay layer exclusively with the hydrography. I have named it "rivers".
To this layer of the rivers and lakes I am going to apply a border with the layer styles. I double click on it and select the following values in the popup window.
Next I create a layer for the water bodies: the sea and the lakes. On the main layer I use the magic wand selection tool to select the sea, the lakes and the marshes. I leave a relatively high tolerance to add the contiguous blues, and I leave the parameter Add to Selection activated, to add the areas that have been separated. Once I have selected everything that interests me, I create a new empty layer with the name "sea & lakes" and, with the Paint Bucket tool, I fill the selection area corresponding to the sea with cyan color, and that of the lakes with a slightly darker blue.
Lo siguiente es atenuar el relieve, como dijimos al principio, para que no interfiera con la información histórica que le aplicaremos después. Para ello me voy a servir de los filtros Cámara RAW del menú de Filtros. Primero modifico los valores básicos.
I already have the sea, so now I want a layer with the terrain. To do this I use the Magic Wand tool on the sea, and then invert the selection. I go to the Layers menu and create a new layer from the copy of the background I made earlier. I choose the option New Layer Via Cut, delete the previous layer, and I have my terrain layer. On it I can now apply a border for the coast, with a dark shading. I do it with the layer styles.
The next step is to attenuate the relief, as we said at the beginning, so that it does not interfere with the historical information that we will apply later. To do this I will use the RAW Camera filters in the Filters menu. First I modify the basic values.
Then I modify the parameters of Details, to give it a more basic and pictographic aspect, without so many details and textures. It doesn't matter that the rivers disappear because we already have them in another layer. Then I apply a sponge artistic filter with a high fade so that the texture is not too noticeable.
he next step is to apply a black and white layer mask to convert the image to grayscale. I use the following parameters to further simplify. Here lies the importance of having painted the snow-capped peaks dark, because otherwise they would look like water areas when converted to black and white.
Now I give some color to the terrain, but within a grayscale. I do it with a Gradient Map layer mask.
And I apply a Levels layer mask to soften it a little more.
Using this same layer, I select the empty space of the Mediterranean with the Magic Wand tool to create a cartographic effect of a coastline above the sea. For this I use a brush with a striped effect and apply along the edge of the selection.
To finish, I duplicate the rivers layer and place it on top, to give it a little more strength, and apply a pattern layer mask to give it a textured paper sheet effect.
Y el resultado final es este mapa base:
And the final result is this base map:
Espero que este pequeño tutorial os pueda servir de utilidad.
Un saludo a toda la comunidad.
On this map I will apply the graphics and symbols that explain Caesar's campaign against the Helvetii. But I leave that for a future article.
I hope that this small tutorial can be useful to you.
Greetings to all the community.