Belgian information expert named Paul Otlet imagined a “Radiated Library” that would use to create something like the Internet by telephone and radio.
Two computers at MIT Lincoln Lorganisationsab communicate with one another using packet-switching technology. Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. (BBN) unveils the final version of the Interface Message Processor (IMP) specifications. BBN wins ARPANET contract. ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) goes online in December, connecting four major U.S. universities. Designed for research, education, and government. It gave a network linking the country if a military attack damages regular communication system.
BBN’s Ray Tomlinson introduce web email. The Internetworking Working Group (INWG) outlines the need for establishing protocols. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) created. Global networking becomes an actuality as the University College of London (England), and Royal Radar Establishment (Norway) connect to ARPANET. The first Internet Service Provider (ISP) produced with the foundation of a commercial version of ARPANET, identified as Telnet. Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn -considered the Fathers of the Internet- publish "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection," which describes the design of TCP. Queen Elizabeth II hits the “send button” in her first email. Jimmy Carter and Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign events.
USENET hosts news and creates groups of conversation. National Science Foundation (NSF) gave the grant to find the Computer Science Network (CSNET) to provide communication between university computer scientists. Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (IP), becomes the standard for communicating between computers over the Internet. The Domain Name System (DNS) establishes the familiar .edu, .gov, .com, .mil, .org, .net, and .int method for defining websites. It makes that easier to remember than the previous designation for websites, such as 123.456.789.10.
William Gibson, author of "Neuromancer," creates the term "cyberspace." The website of the Symbolics Computer Corporation from Massachusetts, the symbolics.com becomes the first registered domain. Quantum Computer Services (later America Online) launched. It offers email, electronic bulletin boards, news, and other information.
The National Science Foundation goes online to connected supercomputer centres at the typical dial-up modem speed, 56 thousand bits per second. With time the network speeds up, and regional research and education networks are connecting to the NSFNET backbone, which effectively expanding the Internet throughout the United States. The NSFNET primarily connected with the ARPANET for educational users.
There are more than 20 thousand hosts on the Internet. The first Cisco router developed. A virus called the Internet Worm temporarily closes about 10% of the world's Internet servers.
The World (world.std.com) becomes the first commercial provider of dial-up access to the Internet. Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist at the European Organization for Nuclear Research, develops HyperText Markup Language (HTML). He calls it the World Wide Web. It is accessible through a graphical user interface. This technology continues to have a tremendous impact on how we navigate and view the Internet today
The first effort to index the Internet created by Peter Deutsch at McGill University in Montreal, who devises Archie, an archive of FTP sites. Gopher, which delivers point-and-click navigation, is made at the University of Minnesota becomes the most popular interface for several years.
The first audio and video distributed over the Internet. The phrase “surfing the Internet” popularised. Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, the “Fathers of the Internet”, found The Internet Society in 1992.
There are six hundred websites. The United Nations and The White House go online. Marc Andreessen develops the Mosaic Web browser at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. It becomes the dominant navigating system for the World Wide Web.
Netscape Communications born by Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark.Microsoft develops a Web browser for Windows 95. The White House launches its website, www.whitehouse.gov. Early commerce sites are grounded, and from marketing campaigns are launched via email, inserting the term “spamming “into the Internet vocabulary.
CompuServe, America Online and Prodigy start to provide Internet access. Amazon.com, Craigslist and eBay go live. The original NSFNET backbone decommissioned as the Internet’s transformation to a commercial enterprise primarily completed. Sun Microsystems releases the Internet programming language called Java. The Vatican launches its website, www.vatican.va.
Started the browser war, primarily between the two major players Microsoft and Netscape. CNET buys tv.com for 15,000 dollars. Near 45 million people are using the Internet, with about 30 million of those in North America, The United States and Canada; 9 million in Europe, and 6 million in Asia-Pacific. More than 43 million (44%) USA homes own a personal computer, and 14 million of them are online.
PC makers can remove or hide Microsoft’s Internet software on new versions of Windows 95 by a settlement with the Justice Department. Netscape announces that its browser is free. The NASA website broadcasts images taken by Pathfinder on Mars generates 46 million hits in one day. The term “weblog “developed. The Google search engine is born, opens its first office in California, changing the way users engage with the Internet.
AOL acquires the Netscape. Napster launches Peer-to-peer file sharing system. invented by a college student, Shawn Fanning. “E-commerce “becomes the new slogan as Internet shopping rapidly spreads. MySpace.com launched.
The dot-com bubble bursts. Some websites such as Yahoo and eBay are hit by a large-scale denial of service attack, highlighting the vulnerability of the Internet. AOL merged with Time Warner's company.
A federal judge blocks Napster, announced must find a process to stop users from sharing copyrighted material. About 9.8 billion electronic messages sent daily. Wikipedia produced. Almost 60% of the USA population, around 164 million people uses the Internet in January. There are 544 million users Worldwide. Konrad Hilbers, Napster CEO, must resign and lay off his staff.
The SQL Slammer worm has needed just a couple of minutes for spreading in the world's computers. Skype and the Safari Web browser debut. It estimated that Internet users illegally download about 2.6 billion music files each month. Spam, unsolicited email, become a server-blocking danger. President Bush signs the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003 (CAN-SPAM Act), which dedicated to helping people and firms control the amount of undesired email they receive. Apple Computer introduces Apple iTunes Music Store, which allows people to download songs for 99 cents each.
Facebook goes online, and the era of social networking begins. Mozilla presents the Mozilla Firefox browser. YouTube.com launches.AOL adjusts its marketing model, offering most services for free and producing revenue from advertising. The Internet Governance Forum gathers for the first time. The number of websites online exceeds 92 million.
The number of legally downloaded music per week is up to 6.7 million. Colorado Rockies' computer system faults in its World Series ticket campaign when it gets 8.5 million buyers within the opening 90 minutes. The World of Warcraft online game hits a breakthrough when it exceeds 9 million subscribers from all over the world.
Google dominance in search and advertising. Microsoft attempts to purchase Yahoo for 44.6 billion dollars. The European Commission fines Microsoft $1.3 billion for further abusing its dominant market position and failing to comply with their 2004 judgment because Microsoft did not give contenders information essential to run with Windows. Since 2004, Microsoft has been fined around 2.5 billion dollars for not keeping to their obligation.
The Internet marks its 40th anniversary. Facebook reaches 400 million active users. Twitter and Facebook represent a notable role in the Middle East revolts. A significant protest online in January shakes up Congressional support for anti-Web piracy measures. The protest is over two bills, the Stop Online Piracy Act in the House and the Protect IP Act in the Senate. The primary goal of both statements is to stop illegal downloading and streaming of TV shows and movies online. The tech industry is worried that the bills give media companies too much authority to shut down websites.
A coding fault found in April in OpenSSL, encryption software that makes transactions between a computer and a remote secure, makes users vulnerable to having their usernames, passwords, and personal information. Millions of banks, Internet commerce companies, email services, government sites, and social media sites rely on OpenSSL to conduct secure connections.
On September 26, Mark Zuckerberg spoke to increase awareness and garner support for the initiative, ONE--an organisation "taking action to end extreme poverty and preventable disease." Zuckerberg's goal is to bring the Internet to the grassroots; universal Internet access, he claims, is a fundamental human right and is an essential tool in the fight to achieve global justice.
Thanks for reading my stuff,
Gesha
Reference:
Thanks for the image to Chivozol, Mateusz Dach, Fancycrave and Gerd Altmann.
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