CIVIL ENGINEERING

1- INTRODUCTION:

• Civil engineering or English "civil engineering" is a very important science in human life studies the stability, resistance and safety of structures and all intervention of the human being in nature, the realization of new works
  (buildings, bridges, dams, ports, airports, roads, retaining walls, railways ............................, etc.) designs, tools produced by any material or the three parameters are essential.

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• Several places in this life where the civil engineer is indispensable and are intervention is necessary.

2- THE MISSIONS OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER:

• For any intervention of the human being in the nature by the realization of a project any will be its nature always begins with a study, this study requires several specialists in several fields and one can classify these domains as follows:

a- Feasibility study: this study is preliminary or the specialist studies the purpose of the project and the place that can receive this work as well as the geometry and spaces necessary for this project.

b-Technical Design: This part requires a specialist in the same field area to that of the project eg in the building sector for the design of a building it takes the design of the architect, the design of a road requires design of the engineer in public works.

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c- Study of the support base of the project: this study requires the intervention of geologists and geotechnicians to know the ground support of the project.

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d- Environmental impact study: this part of the study is necessary or the specialist engineer in the environment must conclude the consequences of the project as well as the compensatory measures in order to make balance in the nature.

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e-Study civil engineering: in this part of study the civil engineer studies the resistance, the stability of the work and the safety of the people that will be explained these three main stages in a study civil engineering in this course:

e-1- Resistance: first phase of the study where the civil engineering specialist injects resistance elements sized according to his role as well as a foundation to transmit the loads of the structure on the ground and remains stable during all his lifetime.

e-2: Stability: a second phase where the design must be made on the basis of all the events that may occur to the work such as earthquake or wind snow ............ etc. .

e-3: security: as these works will support important human and material means security and necessary pending realization and pending service of the work.

• After the completion of the study and the beginning of the work of laying the book the follow-up and the second mission of the civil engineer or the specialist in the field must follow all the stages especially the elements of resistance of the project because of its importance until the reception of the project.

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