As a result of being so concerned with ourselves and our world, we only look within our own circle as humans, do you know that the same way we get periodic epidemic attacks as humans is the same way wild animals get their own form of epidermic attack, it is such a serious situation because they really do not have doctors running an emergency case like what we humans have but nature has put everything in place to make it easy and smooth. While these wild animals have their periods of seasonal attacks, some epidermic strike with such a high rapid force that it is mysterious to wildlife observers. For years, scientists have been trying really hard to study some of the alarming rates and systems of the spread of this infection. As much as words and time would permit us, we will be considering about one or two examples of these terrible wildlife infectious diseases and probably even start a series on them.
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Speaking on snake fungal disease has been reported for a long time, but a few years ago, scientists realized that it has indeed been on the rise affecting the wildlife population over several decades, but since 2006, there has been a remarkable increase in the number of reports of severe and even fatal in most occasions affecting wild snakes in the USA.
At the beginning of the investigation into what really causes the infection, it was not so clear, if it is only caused by a particular fungi or multiple species of fungi. Initially, cases of SFD implicated Chrysosporium ophiodiicola as the possible causative agent, but the subsequent genetic studies that followed afterward revealed Chrysosporium ophiodiicola to be a cryptic member of the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV), which is a complex of morphologically similar fungi that are associated with skin infections in reptiles.
I was genuinely wondering how come these scientists got to examine these snakes but then I found this story from a journal, according to the researchers, from December 2018-November 2021, different methods including minnow traps, shade traps, road cruising, walking and through contact with the public were used in the creation of encounters with snakes. This research was carried out in different countries across East and Central Texas, according to them samples were collected and shade traps were set out at all the available locations. However, minnow traps were set to closer apartments, with this, there will be a reduced mortality chance caused by exposure or drowning, they also processed snakes that were found dead on the road.
Upon encounter with this snake, it would be taken down with a GPS location with date, time, and cover type into consideration. In addition, UV flashlights in low light were also used for examination, the experts would put on Nitrile gloves in order to prevent the inadvertent spread of pathogens during the process of snake handling. After each trip, they mentioned that the clothes worn during each of the sampling trips were cleaned and washed properly before embarking on another trip, this is in order to safeguard and prevent the spread of the pathogen. The main aim of the research they carried out at that time, was to determine if the disease had spread to Texas, so they did not clip or implant the snakes with marking devices in order to protect them from unintentional pathogen introduction into their skin. article source
The signs of a snake with SFD are; localized thickening or crusting of the skin, nodules, ulcerated skin, abnormal molting, opaque white cloudiness of the eyes, facial disfiguration that could be quite severe leading to emaciation, and eventual death. This is not so cool as many snake populations are already in decline and with the recent emergence of SFD, it is most likely that the decline rate will be thoroughly accelerated, causing some species to entirely disappear from some locations.
SFD is, however, not the only infectious disease that has affected snake specie, the case of white-nose syndrome and chytridiomycosis in amphibians has also caused a strong negative impact. A snake with SFD may need to moult severally in rapid succession in order for it to completely rid itself of the infections, some portions of the old infected epidermis sometimes would adhere to the new skin, potentially bringing on the risk for reinfection. However, severe cases of the infection would lead to mortality, infections disseminated in the lungs could lead to tissue damage which is sufficient enough to kill the host, but based on scientific evidence, SFD as a chronic disease makes wild snakes die as a result of complications instead of direct fungal damage.
Fungal diseases get into the space of wild animals after a typical introduction of an exotic pathogen to an area with naive hosts. With the recent attention that has been drawn towards SFD, it demonstrates a strong growing interest in snake conservation, just maybe you are wondering what the hell we need snakes for, let me conclude this post by stating some of the significant reasons why snakes are important to the ecosystem.
Snakes double as both prey and predators, they are a good food source for birds, reptiles, and other mammals. On the other hand, they also feed on fish, insects, mammals, birds, amphibians, and several species of small pests like rodents and slugs.
When the ecosystem isn't balanced, it would be normal to find that, a certain species is dominating the landscape and then causing significant destruction to our gardens, farms and even to our homes, and snakes are an integral part of having the ecosystem balanced
Understandably, a snake is a good part of the ecosystem, but it doesn't mean you should go close to a snake because you think they have SFD and you are trying to help, you are not a professional so the first thing you should do after spotting one is to move to a safe distance, move away and call for help. The only time you can consider a snake as being good is when it is dead, so do not assume a snake would naturally be nice to you or spare you its venom.