Do you know what it's ecology?
Ecology is a branch of biology, ecology is the science of the interaction between organism and environment with environmental abiotic components , Ecology addresses the full scale of life, from tiny bacteria to processes that span the entire planet.
Ecology explains about life processes, interactions, adaptations, The movement of materials, energy through living communities, The successional development of ecosystems, The abundance and distribution of organisms and biodiversity in the context of the environment. reference
Abiotic factors are known to play a major role in the environment
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Weather Factors
weather
weather of a region involves the average rainfall, temperature and the patterns of winds that take place, Weather the most crucial abiotic factors of an ecosystem.
The rainfall in an area affects the productivity of the area and the types of plants that would grow and thrive there. For instance: The climate in a grassland ecosystem is dry and hot during the spring and summer and is cool and cold during the winter.
Temperature of an area and the precipitation factor regulates the type of vegetation in the area like whether the region is grassland or a forest.
Precipitation in winter is snow instead of rainfall. During summers, more water is evaporated from the grasslands making the region deficient of moisture.
Temperature Factors
Animals have a clear distinction between being cold blooded or warm blooded.
Some fruit trees need cold temperature in order to blossom or produce flower in the spring time.
Some biennial plants sprout during spring or summer and this is referred to as vernalization.
The blooming of flowers either in the day or night is as a result of the temperature difference between day and night.
Seasonal migration is observed in a few animals.
Soil-Edaphic Factors
1. Soil texture
The texture of the soil varies and depends on particles like clay to larger particles like sand. Sandy soils are suitable for growing plants and are well aerated and are easy to cultivate. Sandy soils cannot keep hold of much water and has few nutrients required for plant growth.
2. Soil air
Soil air is the spaces between the soil particles where it is not filled with soil water. The soil air in a particular soil sample determines its firmness.
3. Soil pH
The pH of the soil affects the biological activity of the soil and a few mineral’s availability. The pH of soil affects the growth and development of plants.
4. Soil water
Soil water can be divided into three types - capillary water, hygroscopic water and gravitational water.
5. Temperature of soil
The temperature of the soil is a crucial factor, temperature of soil less than 30cm is said to be constant although there are seasonal variations. The decaying caused by decay-causing microorganisms is small at lower temperature.
6. The organisms and the decaying material in the soil are referred to as soil solution and this increases the fertility of the soil.
Air Factors
air
Air currents also are a result of interaction that exists between expansion of hot air and convection in the mid latitudes. Some of the consequences of air are:
Air as well carry water vapor; which may undergo condensation and precipitate in the form of rainfall, hail or snow.
Air erosion as well leads to dispersal of topsoil.
It also assists in the dispersal of pollen grains of a few plants as well as in the dispersal of insects.
Water Factors
water
Water is an essential requirement for life and every biotic components of the ecosystem are directly dependent on water for their growth and survival.
water requirements of plants, they are classified
Hydrophytes (Example - Water lilies)
Mesophytes (Example - Sweet pea, roses)
Xerophytes (Example - Cacti, succulent plants)
Some of the adaptations noticeable in terrestrial animals
Body covering which reduces loss of water.
A few animals possess sweat glands which are employed as cooling devices.
The tissues of a few animals such as camel are tolerant to water loss.
Some insects are known to absorb water from the water vapor directly from the atmosphere.
Light Factors
The quality of light affects the aquatic ecosystems environment, the blue and red light is mostly absorbed here and this does not penetrate deep into the water. Some algae have particular pigments that enable them to as well absorb the other colors of light.
A number of plants flower merely during a specific time of the year.
The intensity of light or light intensity depends on the latitude and the season of the year. During the period from March to September, the Southern Hemisphere receives below 12 hours of sunlight whereas it receives more than 12 hours of sunlight during the remaining part of the year.
Topography Factors
topography
Topography is the landscape shapes and is determined by the aspects of slopes and elevations
The aspect of the direction of the land facing also varies as the land facing towards the south or the sun ar hotter and drier than areas in the north, which are away from the sun.
Slope of on areas is as well crucial due to the fact that water may run downhill and may soak in ground which makes it accessible for plants. The areas in the southern part with slopes will be much hotter and drier than the northern areas with slopes.
Atmospheric Gases Factors
All organisms need oxygen for respiration.
Nitrogen is essential for all plants and atmospheric nitrogen is fixed by nitrogen fixing bacteria through the action of lightening.
Carbon dioxide is utilized by green plants to manufacture food by the process of photosynthesis.
These of the abiotic factors affect the ecosystem differently as well interact with the biotic factors in an environment
I have a conclusion
- Abiotic Factors - Affecting an Organism
- Climatic Factors - Temperature
- Climatic Factors - Wind
- Climatic Factors - Rainfall and Water
- Climatic Factors - Atmospheric Gases
- The science which deals with the study of soil is known as Soil Science, Pedology (pedos = earth) or edaphology (edaphos = soil)
- Organisms that are able to do their activities in the aerial environment are known as aerial or arboreal organisms
- Water form the habitat of a huge variety of organisms
- Land makes available a wide variety of habitat for the organisms.
Reference
https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotik
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/ecology/intro-to-ecology/a/what-is-ecology
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