Land Navigation
Ground navigation is the determination of the position and direction of travel, either in medan travel or on the map. Actually the kind of navigation is diverse in between, river navigation, beach, and sea. But in general the land navigation is most often done by adventurers. If ground navigation has been mastered, other navigation can be practiced because it has the same principle.
Compass
Around 4500 years ago, some Chinese advisers found a splinter on a layer of wood that floated on the water and always pointed in the same direction. After observed the flake is a metal and always leads in the same direction even though it has been rotated. From here, a compass needle is created which is a magnetically charged metal plate in a balanced and moving axle.
The type of Compass that can be used varies widely, but which can be used is Prism Compass, compass viewfinder, and Compass orientation, Compass orientation will be discussed further considering its simple shape, easy to read, and use. But in principle all the Compass has the same function and work.
Map
The map is a picture of some or all of the earth's surface in the form of two-dimensional and has a scale comparison. Maps types vary greatly depending on their respective needs but in land navigation used topographic maps.
topographic maps
Topographic maps are divided into sections:
- Title, map indicates the name of the area pictured in the map
- map number, usually in the upper right corner as the registration number of the mapmaking body and serves to know the map of another area directly adjacent to the map (usually found at the bottom of the map)
- Coordinates, are horizontal and transverse lines that each have a number
- Map Scale, is a Comparison of the actual horizontal distance in the field with the distance illustrated on the map
- Contour, is a line that connects several points where the altitude is the same.
- Year map, declared the year of map making.
- Legend, an explanation of the symbols used on the map.
- Mlgnetis declination, illustrated by arrows is usually found below the map which shows the direction of GN (north grid), TN (true north), and MN (magnetic north).
Affecting Compass and Map.
Compass users and maps together with the ability to operate it will be very profitable. The advantages of travel can be passed safely and are on the right path Although never been passed before.
- Determining Position On Map
Our existence in the wild can be known position on the map.
Here are some steps taken to determine the position on the map: - open the map in a flat, dry, and airy place
- match the north direction of the map with the compass
- View the contour lines of the map Determine the higher ground of the surrounding environment such as the Mountain Peak
- Specify another similar point, then do like the previous step
- Draw a straight line from a targeted point using an already recorded angle
- The intersection of both lines represents our position in the map.
- Setting Direction of Travel
after our position is known in the direction map we will go through to get to a place can be determined, for example: - position we have A and want to go to place B which is in the map, mark its point
- Place the Compass side at point A to point B turn the compass home up to the north
- see the numbers on the destination pointer
- Start the attack by following the direction shown Compass without changing or rotating the compass home
- The distance and steepness of the terrain to be traversed can be seen by measuring and viewing the contours illustrated on the map.
Determining Direction Without Using Compass
Determining Direction Without Using Map
Here's what to do:
- Using Sun Shadow
Wind direction that can be determined during sunlight and visible and produces shadows. How to prepare is to find a relatively straight stem with a length of about 1 meter, rope, and stone, which is rather large.
The wooden stick is plugged into a flat ground and the broad end of the rope is tied to a log and the other end is fastened to the stone, the shadow of the wood will be marked on the rock by stretching the rope, wait a moment, the shadow will change. Mark the shadow again with a stone by stretching the rope, connect the first and second point with a straight line so that the west and east can be known.
which must be done
- determine the shadow of the log as the starting point of the marking (A)
- wait a minute
- determine the other shadow of the log (B)
- connect the points (A) and (B) with a straight line so that it can be west = (A) and eastward = (B)
almost the same as the explanation in the picture above, but point (A) is set in the morning and point (B) is set in the afternoon
- Create Your Own Compass
The compass can also be self-made with a suture needle or a meaningful Silk knife and place it on the surface of the water. sewing needles can float on water if done with great patience. problems that often arise in the manufacture of the compass that is not all needles or magnetic syringes.
- Read the signs of nature
natural signs can be used as a guide to determine the direction of the wind. for example, by looking at a tree shirt. an uneven tree clothing association can be used as a reference. usually a more dense canopy of trees in the west, because it is influenced by growth hormone and the intensity of sunlight.
- Using Watches
Manual Not Digital watches. can be used to determine the direction of the wind with the help of the sun. Way, Point 12 on the watch to the sun, take the mid-angle between the short needle watch with the number 12, that's the north.
- Evening
the constellations of the crosses can be made a guide to determine the southern direction
Night time is different from daytime. Sunlight is not visible, the signs of nature It has been read even the circumstances surrounding it was difficult to see. Especially if there is no Compass that became the reference orientation. but not to worry, because the moon and stars can be used as a reference of the more precise wind direction.
Avoiding Lost Conditions
getting lost is the orientation loss, not knowing the real position and the direction to go. a small mistake on the way can cause you to get lost. Actually the situation Lost. can be prevented by applying some techniques. That is:
- Develop a sense of the area traversed also called a mental map
- using formal navigation in the form of Compass GPS altimeter map And other navigation equipment This technique includes the ways experienced by the results of this technique is more accurate and faster but must master the usage techniques.
Some methods to prevent stray states:
- report to relevant officers if located in protected forest area
- always see and remember the circumstances surrounding the journey
- stay on the path that has been there by giving a clue at every junction that pass
- notice striking objects such as hills or mountains notice the shape and remember it
- occasionally Look to the back Remember the path when viewed from the opposite direction
- Learn properly the navigation tools below
- use the Compass before getting lost
- learn to read the natural signs that determine the direction of the wind
- Never trust in anyone other than Rider Friends which is Irna Bekasi, sometimes a navigation teacher can do wrong.
If lost, what to do?
getting lost can happen to anyone including for a navigator.
some procedures that can be done if lost:
- Protect yourself from any danger or adverse weather that may occur
- Keep calm, not panic, think clearly, and try to remember the path of travel
- orientation determination can be made easier by heading to higher ground or climbing trees
- Use Compass and maps
- Make clues to make it easier for others to find our existence
- Stay with the group under any circumstances
- if it's together What to do?
take advantage of the situation is a good time, use the time to wait for help by avoiding hunger to be bored and feel unwilling to do by making temporary cottage or Viva safe and looking for food or drink enough. keep thinking clearly until you can find your way home or get reinforcements.
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