Mohenjo-Daro (meaning “Mound of the Dead”) is one of the oldest and most important cities of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in Sindh, Pakistan. It shows how advanced people were over 4,500 years ago.
Near: Larkana, Sindh
River: Indus River
Discovered: 1922 by R. D. Banerji
Built around: 2500 BCE
Civilization: Indus Valley (Harappan Civilization)
UNESCO World Heritage Site (since 1980)
Mohenjo-Daro was very well planned, even better than many modern cities.
🔹 Town Planning
Streets laid out in grid pattern
Houses made of baked bricks
Separate upper town (Citadel) and lower town
🔹 Drainage System
Covered drains along roads
Each house had a bathroom connected to drains
Great Bath
Large public bathing tank
Probably used for religious or ritual purposes
Granary
Used to store grains
Indicates organized food system
Assembly Hall
Possibly used for meetings
Residential Houses
Multi-room houses
Some had courtyards and wells
People were farmers, traders, and craftsmen
Trade with Mesopotamia
Used standard weights and measures
Seal of Pashupati (proto-Shiva figure)
Dancing Girl statue (bronze)
Pottery, jewelry, tools, seals with undeciphered script
Worship of mother goddess
Importance of water and cleanliness
No large temples found
One of the world’s earliest urban centers
Advanced sanitation and planning
Shows peaceful and organized society
