In running the life on earth, of course, people always need basic needs until other additional needs that must be met. The inability of people to get capital in meeting the needs of the economy can result in the lack of humans to be able to survive activities and produce various changes.
Since ancient times, economic problems have been done as a daily human activity. Although not yet at a complex economic level, simple things such as barter, cultivation, economic development at sea have been done by ancient society. Of course it is still implemented until now with a complex technology.
Islam was born in the midst of the ummah, to ascertain whether the fulfillment of these needs are appropriate and can go well. Islamic economics is not about cornering or cornering one of them.
Economics According to Islamic teachings
In the teachings of Islam, economic problems are not separate from other teachings. Islamic economics is part of the human life sector which is governed by God. In general, the Islamic economic arrangements in the Qur'an are basic non-technical principles. While the technical problem of course the Muslims must develop it better with the capacity of his knowledge, along with the development of the road.
The purpose of Islamic economics itself, can be summarized in several ways, including:
Ensuring the Needs of Mankind
Islamic economy aims to make people can meet the needs of his life. God Himself assures that God will continue to provide sustenance and also abundance of favors to humans with the assumption that humans must obey and continue to seek and seek God.
The cornerstone of Islamic economics is ketauhidan or obedience to God. Those who obey and believe in God will base their economic activities on the basis of ethics, balance, universality, and justice in stepping. Of course he will not be careless and also odd jobs in the endeavor.
Therefore, the implementation of the Islamic economy is a guarantee that human needs will always be met with the sustenance and abundance of the blessings of Allah provided that the economy is run properly.
Away from Social Inequality
Social inequality will certainly occur if the concentration of property and resources is only on a particular subject or group. For that, Islam has a principle to spread and also provide the sustenance not only in one person or group only with the rules of zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh.
This zakat rule is not just a matter of cleansing the property or just doing good deeds but also can move the economy of the ummah to the disadvantaged or helpless because of the lack of economic resources. For that obligation berzakat, berinfaq, and bershodaqoh is because it is also trying to avoid social imbalance.
Ethical and Dignity Economic Fulfillment
The Islamic economy also aims to avoid unethical and dignified economic fulfillment. This is for example theft, fraud, or other fraud. Therefore, the Islamic economy was based on moral values and aqidah so pelaksanakaan human needs are not done arbitrarily and can be guaranteed to be qualified according to human needs.
Islam for it also prohibits the sale of halal goods, buying and selling that does not have openness, honesty, and so on. Islamic economy is there so that people can give honesty, halal goods, quality of goods, quality of production, distribution, and consumption with the frame of morals and aqidah.
Governing Justice and Balance
Justice and balance are the basic principles of Islam. Islam regulates that people do not engage in closed or transparent economic transactions. To manage it, a small example of Islam always gives the order of witnesses, financial records, and also applies standard or agreed balance sheet in terms of economic transactions.
Avoid from usury
Riba is a given addition, one of them on the debt of the borrower. Riba himself can trap people and will feel suffocated to pay for it. Even in some people who can not afford, usury like endless tirikan. Most poor people borrow money is to meet the needs of everyday life, of course, will feel choked if people give us the riba many times over. For that, God gives the threat and sanction of hell if humans do it.
Economics According to Scholars
Islamic economics with the aims that have been described above, reaping its own science and attract the attention of the scholars. Among them are some scholars who are also concentrated and focus on the economic problems of Islam. Here is the understanding of Islamic economics according to the scholars.
According to Dawam Rahardjo
According to Prof Dawam Rahardjo, Islamic economy has 3 parts. It is an Islamic economy based on the teachings or values of Islam, Islamic economics as a social system, and the perkenomian of Islam which means run by Muslims. Related to the economic system means related to the ways or methods to be able to support economic activities. According to Prof Dawam Rahardjo, these three things must be integrated and synergized to be strong and big in Islamic economic activity.
According to Hasanuz Zaman
Hasanuz Zaman has an understanding of Islamic economics as knowledge, application, and sharia arrangement. It is in charge of preventing the emergence of various injustices in the case of human beings to meet their resource requirements. In addition, through it also makes humans to be able to perform their obligations to God and His Society.
According to Monzer Kahf
From the point of view of Monzer Kahf, economics has a great deal of interdisciplinary science. Islamic economic studies according to him, can not if only stand alone without any mastery of other sciences. According to him, Islamic economics is also dependent on other science such as mathematics, fiqh, ushul fiqh, aqidah, akhlak, statistics, graphs,
According to M. M Matewally
Islamic economics according to him is a science that is useful to study the ummah of Islam in terms of fulfillment needs and economic activities or optimize existing resources. Of course follow what is in the Qur'an and Sunnah as the foundation.
In essence what is submitted by these scholars, contains the principle that Islamic economics aims for human beings to live their lives according to the Purpose of Human Creation, the Process of Human Creation, the Nature of Human Creation, the Concept of Man in Islam, and Humanity According to Islam in accordance with the function of religion, The World According to Islam, Success According to Islam, Successful World Hereafter According to Islam, the Way of Success According to Islam in good and quality.
Therefore, the Islamic economic goal guarantees it on the same basis, that is in accordance with Pillars of Islam, Basic Islamic Law, Faith Function To Allah SWT, Source Shariah Islam, and Rukun Iman. Essentially all the rules of Islam back its benefits to humans is not just a formality or a normative aspect only.
According to Prof Dawam economy
