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In the process of development associated with time and at certain stages of human history, the idea of living in groups based on understanding and exchange in transactions arose. And from these small groups formed societies, which in turn evolved to form what is known civilizations.
The evolution of the human mind to make such a huge and complex change has been and remains a subject of great popularity among historians, anthropologists or anthropologists.
We will talk about some of the oldest civilizations that existed in the world, Snzla from the most recent to the oldest.
10-The Incas Civilization
The Incas were the largest empire in North America in the pre-Colombian era (before the European advance of the Americas).
This civilization has flourished since its beginnings; it has encompassed large areas: Ecuador, Peru and Chile, and its administrative, military and political center in Cusco, located in Peru.
King of the Inca called "Saba Inka" meaning the Son of the Sun, in relation to their gods, which were known as the "Inti", the Sun god.
9-The Aztecs Civilization
The Aztec Empire flourished between c. 1345 and 1521 CE and, at its greatest extent, covered most of northern Mesoamerica. Aztec warriors were able to dominate their neighbouring states and permit rulers such as Motecuhzoma II to impose Aztec ideals and religion across Mexico. Highly accomplished in agriculture and trade, the last of the great Mesoamerican civilizations was also noted for its art and architecture which ranks amongst the finest ever produced on the continent.
8-The Roman Civilization
Roman civilization emerged in the 16th century BC, although the story of its founding is no more than a myth. The Roman state at the height of its power ruled a very large patch of land at that time as it stretched along the Mediterranean Sea. In its beginning, Rome was governed by kings. After seven kings were punished, the Romans overthrew the monarchy and ruled themselves. Where the power of the so-called Senate passed, and the beginning of the Roman Republic. It is known that Rome witnessed the rise and fall of some of the greatest emperors in history, including Julius Caesar, Trajan, -Augustus ". In the end, the Roman Empire became so vast that it could not be assembled under one command and eventually was invaded by millions of Berbers from northern and eastern Europe.
7-The Persian civilization
The Persian state was once one of the greatest nations on earth. For just 200 years, the Persians conquered more than 2 million square meters of southern parts of Egypt to parts of Greece and then east to parts of India.
The Persian Empire was known for its military strength and the wisdom of its leaders.In the year 550 BC, the Persians or Persis were usually divided among a number of leaders, followed by King Cyrus II, who united the entire Persian kingdom and invaded ancient Babylon. It began a very rapid crawl, and by 533 BC it had conquered India. Even after the death of Korsch, his descendants continued to expand mercilessly. Ancient Persia ruled throughout Central Asia and large areas of Europe and Egypt, but all that changed when came Alexander the Great, and the Persian state were brought to an end and the Persian civilization actually ended in 530 BC.
6-Ancient Greek Civilization
It is perhaps not one of the oldest civilizations, but it is undoubtedly one of the most influential civilizations in human history, although Greece came from the Celtic and Minoan civilization (two cultures dating back to the Bronze Age) (2700 BC - 1500 BC) buried in a cave in Greece dating back to 7250 BC to its existence at that time, the Greek history runs too long, forcing historians to divide it into several periods, the most important of the old era and the era classical and Hellenistic.
In those periods, a number of ancient Greeks created a radical change in the world, many of which still exist. Greece invented the ancient Olympic Games. They first brought the concept of democracy to light, as well as the Senate, Modern biology, physics and others. Pythagoras, Archimedes, Plato, Socrates, Euclid, Aristotle, Alexander the Great ... are the names of great history books filled with their achievements and their great influence in later civilizations.
5-Chinese Civilization
Which was also known as "Han" is ranked fifth, and it is undoubtedly one of the most diverse civilizations ever. If we want to talk about all the strains that ruled China, this paragraph will not be enough because we will need a separate article to talk about.The Yellow River civilization is said to have been the original home of Chinese civilization. In 2700 BC the legendary Yellow Emperor began to rule, and at some point the dynasties began to rule and continued for some time.
In 2070 BC, the ruling family, which became known as "the Xia dynasty" China's first royal family full control, according to ancient historical records. Later, the dynasties ruled China at different times until the end of the Qing dynasty. In 1912, because of the Shenhai revolution, more than four thousand years of ancient Chinese civilization, which had always fascinated historians and the public alike, had come to an end. It would not be fair to mention some of the most important inventions offered by civilization, such as gunpowder, paper, , Alcohol, guns and many more.
4-Mayan Civilization
The ancient Mayan civilization of Central America flourished about two thousand and six hundred years ago and has recently sparked controversy because of the calendar they invented.
This civilization was founded and flourished very quickly and its population reached 19 million at its peak in 700 BC and they invented a method of writing that helped them write their own solar calendars in stone.
According to these calendars, the universe was created on August 11, 3114 BC, the point at which their calendar begins, and the supposed end was as they expected December 21, 2012.
Ancient Maya is one of the most civilized civilizations, so it is more culture than many contemporary civilizations. The "Mayan" civilization and the "Aztec" civilization built many pyramids, that are much bigger then pyramids of Egypt.
But this civilization collapsed sudden collapse in a certain period during the eighth or ninth century, and this is one of the biggest secrets that give rise to scholars of history despite the fact that the people of "Maya" has not disappeared completely, there are still many of the descendants of this civilization live in all parts of Central America.!
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3-Ancient Egyptian civilization
The ancient Egyptians were known for their great culture, and certainly the pyramids and the sphinx stand tall on the banks of the Nile. Proof of this is that civilization was formed in 3150 BC (according to the traditional Egyptian calendar) ) Where Egypt united its upper and lower branches under the rule of the First Pharaoh. This of course was not possible unless there were early settlers in the Nile Valley since the beginning of the year 3500 BC. Ancient Egyptian history is divided into a series of stable kingdoms with some relatively unstable periods called transitional periods, the Old Kingdom in the early Bronze Age, the Middle Kingdom in the Middle Bronze Age, and the Modern Kingdom in the last Bronze Age.
Egypt's civilization provided us with ancient pyramids that are still standing today. And mummies that keep the Pharaohs until now. The first solar date, hieroglyphics, and many more. Ancient Egypt reached its peak in the era of the modern state, where Pharaohs ruled like Ramesses the Great and united the Nubians under Pharaonic rule.
2-Indus Valley Civilization
One of the oldest civilizations on this list. This civilization flourished in areas stretching from north-east Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India. Along with the ancient civilization of Egypt and Mesopotamia, one of the oldest and oldest civilizations found in the ancient era, covering an area of 1.25 million cubic meters, entire peoples settled throughout the sands of the Indus River, The important rivers at that time were called Ghaggar-Hakra, which was used to cross the north-east of India and eastern Pakistan. Among the well-known civilizations that originated there is the civilization of Mohenjo-Daro civilization and the civilization of Harappan civilization, which was named according to the excavation sites where the traces of these civilizations were found.
t is said that the peak phase of this civilization continued from 2600 BC to 1900 BC. Cultural and technological development made it the center of the first civilization in the region, where the people of this civilization made great progress. They calculated the time, the length and the mass with very high accuracy. Based on the artifacts found during the excavations, it was clear that the culture is quite rich in arts and crafts.
1-Mesopotamian Civilization
Often this is the oldest civilization ever found on Earth. Where the history of this civilization to the time immemorial in human history and to this hour when I write this article has not been discovered any civilization older than them.
The Mesopotamian civilization is usually preserved around 3300 BC to 750 BC and Mesopotamia was said to be the cradle of advanced civilization where it began to crystallize. In the year 8000 BC, man discovered agriculture and then began to domesticate animals to get food and help in agriculture. It was mentioned that art was invented before all this, but not from human civilization but from human culture. However, all these elements met together in brilliance. The finest combination to form the first civilization known to man and the most sophisticated and flourished in areas that are known today in Iraq Babil, Sumer and others
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