The penguin (Spheniscidae) is a species of non-flying marine bird that lives in the southern hemisphere only, especially in Antarctica. Penguins have a high adaptability to life in water. Their black and white feathers help them camouflage while their wings turn to fins to help them swim. Most penguins feed on krill, squid, fish and other marine life that they catch while diving under water. These birds spend almost half their lives on land, while the other half spend under water.
Although the world's penguins are confined to the southern hemisphere, only a few species live on Antarctica. In fact, many penguins inhabit a temperate climate on the coasts of Australia, Africa and South America, and even one species (the Galapagos Road) lives not far from the equator.
The largest surviving species of these birds is the Imperial Penguin, with a length of 1.1 m and weighing 35 kg or more. On the other hand, the smallest species is the dwarf penguin, which is only 40 centimeters long and weighs about one kilogram. In general, larger penguins tend to live in cooler environments, while small penguins inhabit temperate or tropical environments in a phenomenon called the Bergman Principle. Some prehistoric species of penguins were so huge in size that they were compared in size and weight to an adult