Since thousands of years ago, a great civilization flourished in mainland China. In historical record, that ancient Chinese Han in ancient China, which then gave birth to various dynasties.
As a country with a great civilization, it must be the center of gathering people from all corners of the world, which later became history. This is evidenced by various archaeological finds, such as coins, pottery, ancient buildings, and so on.
Here I will not discuss more about Chinese history, but I only take one point from the thousands of history that developed in china country, ie coins, (numismatic).
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| Camera | Canon EOS 1300D |
| Lens | EF-S18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II | 8/5 sec. f/5 41mm. ISO 100 |
This is a piece of ancient Chinese coins found in the Kingdom of Pedir / Kingdom Poly (Pidie). These coins are found by residents, in fish ponds in sticky conditions between each other.
Why is this coin found in Aceh...?
Actually this is a silly question, With this discovery, it is enough to prove that, good diplomatic relations have existed between Aceh and China since hundreds of years ago. This diplomatic relationship left a trail of historical evidence that has existed for a long time. These findings are only a small part of what is found, not because of archaeological excavations, but precisely because of the findings of citizens.
| Camera | Canon EOS 1300D |
| Lens | EF-S18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II | 1 sec. f/5.6 55mm. ISO 100 |
One of the coins we detected, originating from the northern Song dynasty, dates from 1200 AD, this is long gone.
Unfortunately, so far, most archeology in the world has focused only on discovering large objects and leaving small objects.
Ancient Chinese coinage includes some of the earliest known coins. These coins, used as early as the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BCE), took the form of imitations of the cowrie shells that were used in ceremonial exchanges. The Spring and Autumn period also saw the introduction of the first metal coins; however, they were not initially round, instead being either knife shaped or spade shaped. Round metal coins with a round, and then later square hole in the center were first introduced around 350 BCE. The beginning of the Qin Dynasty (221–206 BCE), the first dynasty to unify China, saw the introduction of a standardised coinage for the whole Empire. Subsequent dynasties produced variations on these round coins throughout the imperial period. At first the distribution of the coinage was limited to use around the capital city district, but by the beginning of the Han Dynasty, coins were widely used for such things as paying taxes, salaries and fines. Read More : (1)
Official coin generations are generally not united, but can be scattered in various areas of mint throughout the country. In addition to authoritatively authoritative coins, the private institutions are basic in the midst of many historical phases. Different advances assumed control time to try to fight personal battles and break down his stuff and make it illegal. In different circumstances, personal friendships are experienced. Coins change in incentives throughout history.
| Camera | Canon EOS 1300D |
| Lens | EF-S18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS II | 1 sec. f/5.6 55mm. ISO 100 |
Head Song Taizu (ruled 960-976) joined China by overcoming different territories of energy amid his rule and consummation the turbulent time of Five Dynasties and Ten States . At Kaifeng , he set up a solid focal government. It keeps up the soundness of the state organization by advancing the common administration examination framework in designating bureaucratic authorities. Moreover, he additionally started different tasks went for guaranteeing the productivity of correspondence all through the kingdom. One such task is the production of maps of every region and the regal towns in detail and their social occasions gathered into one huge map book . He additionally empowers logical and mechanical development by supporting different logical works, for example, the fabricate of cosmic clock towers made by build Zhang Sixun
| Inscription | Traditional Chinese | Simplified Chinese | Scripts | Period minted | Emperor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Song Yuan Tong Bao | 宋元通寶 | 宋元通宝 | Regular script | 960–976 | Taizu |
| Tai Ping Tong Bao | 太平通寶 | 太平通宝 | Regular script | 976–989 | Taizong |
| Chun Hua Yuan Bao | 淳化元寶 | 淳化元宝 | Regular script, Seal script, Running script | 990–994 | Taizong |
| Zhi Dao Yuan Bao | 至道元寶 | 至道元宝 | Regular script, Seal script, Running script | 995–997 | Taizong |
| Xian Ping Yuan Bao | 咸平元寶 | 咸平元宝 | Regular script | 998–1003 | Zhenzong |
| Jing De Yuan Bao | 景德元寶 | 景德元宝 | Regular script | 1004–1007 | Zhenzong |
| Xiang Fu Tong Bao | 祥符通寶 | 祥符通宝 | Regular script, Running script | 1008–1016 | Zhenzong |
| Tian Xi Tong Bao | 天禧通寶 | 天禧通宝 | Regular script | 1017–1022 | Zhenzong |
| Tian Sheng Yuan Bao | 天聖元寶 | 天圣元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1023–1031 | Renzong |
| Ming Dao Tong Bao | 明道元寶 | 明道元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1032–1033 | Renzong |
| Jing You Yuan Bao | 景佑元寶 | 景佑元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1034–1038 | Renzong |
| Huang Song Yuan Bao | 皇宋元寶 | 皇宋元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1039–1054 | Renzong |
| Kang Ding Yuan Bao | 康定元寶 | 康定元宝 | Regular script | 1040 | Renzong |
| Qing Li Zhong Bao | 慶歷重寶 | 庆历重宝 | Regular script | 1041–1048 | Renzong |
| Zhi he Tong Bao | 至和通寶 | 至和通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1054–1055 | Renzong |
| Zhi he Yuan Bao | 至和元寶 | 至和元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1054–1055 | Renzong |
| Jia You Tong Bao | 嘉佑通寶 | 嘉佑通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1056–1063 | Renzong |
| Jia You Yuan Bao | 嘉佑元寶 | 嘉佑元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1056–1063 | Renzong |
| Zhi Ping Tong Bao | 治平通寶 | 治平通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1064–1067 | Yingzong |
| Zhi Ping Yuan Bao | 治平元寶 | 治平元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1064–1067 | Yingzong |
| Xi Ning Tong Bao | 熙寧通寶 | 熙宁通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1068–1077 | Shenzong |
| Xi Ning Yuan Bao | 熙寧元寶 | 熙宁元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1068–1077 | Shenzong |
| Xi Ning Zhong Bao | 熙寧重寶 | 熙宁重宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1068–1077 | Shenzong |
| Yuan Feng Tong Bao | 元豐通寶 | 元丰通宝 | Regular script, Seal script, Running script | 1078–1085 | Shenzong |
| Yuan You Tong Bao | 元佑通寶 | 元佑通宝 | Seal script | 1086–1094 | Zhezong |
| Shao Sheng Tong Bao | 紹聖通寶 | 绍圣通宝 | Regular script, Seal script, Running script | 1094–1098 | Zhezong |
| Shao Sheng Yuan Bao | 紹聖元寶 | 绍圣元宝 | Regular script, Seal script, Running script | 1094–1098 | Zhezong |
| Yuan Fu Tong Bao | 元符通寶 | 元符通宝 | Regular script, Seal script, Running script | 1098–1100 | Zhezong |
| Sheng Song Tong Bao | 聖宋通寶 | 圣宋通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1101 | Huizong |
| Sheng Song Yuan Bao | 聖宋元寶 | 圣宋元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1101 | Huizong |
| Chong Ning Tong Bao | 崇寧通寶 | 崇宁通宝 | Regular script | 1102–1106 | Huizong |
| Chong Ning Zhong Bao | 崇寧重寶 | 崇宁重宝 | Regular script | 1102–1106 | Huizong |
| Da Guan Tong Bao | 大觀通寶 | 大观通宝 | Regular script | 1107–1110 | Huizong |
| Zheng He Tong Bao | 政和通寶 | 政和通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1111–1117 | Huizong |
| Chong He Tong Bao | 重和通寶 | 重和通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1118–1119 | Huizong |
| Xuan He Tong Bao | 宣和通寶 | 宣和通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1119–1125 | Huizong |
| Xuan He Yuan Bao | 宣和元寶 | 宣和元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1119–1125 | Huizong |
| Jing Kang Tong Bao | 靖康通寶 | 靖康通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1126–1127 | Qinzong |
| Jing Kang Yuan Bao | 靖康元寶 | 靖康元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1126–1127 | Qinzong |
Regardless of being debilitated and pushed toward the south, the Southern Song Dynasty figured out how to enhance the economy and keep up its reality against the Jin Dynasty. Southern Song Dynasty has military officers like Yue Fei and Han Shizhong . The Song Government likewise supports significant tasks, for example, shipbuilding, port repairs , development of flame towers and port stockrooms to help outside oceanic exchange and worldwide seaports, for example, Quanzhou , Guangzhou and Xiamen , which support Chinese exchanging exercises. To secure and bolster cruising shipsEast China Sea and Yellow Sea (towards Korea and Japan ), Southeast Asia , Indian Ocean and Red Sea , it is important to build up an official naval force .
| Inscription | Traditional Chinese | Simplified Chinese | Scripts | Period minted | Emperor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jian Yan Tong Bao | 建炎通寶 | 建炎通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1127–1130 | Gaozong |
| Jian Yan Yuan Bao | 建炎元寶 | 建炎元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1127–1130 | Gaozong |
| Jian Yan Zhong Bao | 建炎重寶 | 建炎重宝 | Seal script | 1127–1130 | Gaozong |
| Shao Xing Tong Bao | 紹興通寶 | 绍兴通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1131–1162 | Gaozong |
| Shao Xing Yuan Bao | 紹興元寶 | 绍兴元宝 | Regular script | 1131–1162 | Gaozong |
| Long Xing Tong Bao | 隆興通寶 | 隆兴通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1163–1164 | Xiaozong |
| Long Xing Yuan Bao | 隆興元寶 | 隆兴元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1163–1164 | Xiaozong |
| Qian Dao Tong Bao | 乾道通寶 | 干道通宝 | Regular script | 1165–1173 | Xiaozong |
| Qian Dao Yuan Bao | 乾道元寶 | 干道元宝 | Regular script | 1165–1173 | Xiaozong |
| Chun Xi Tong Bao | 淳熙通寶 | 淳熙通宝 | Regular script | 1174–1189 | Xiaozong |
| Chun Xi Yuan Bao | 淳熙元寶 | 淳熙元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1174–1189 | Xiaozong |
| Shao Xi Tong Bao | 紹熙通寶 | 绍熙通宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1190–1194 | Guangzong |
| Shao Xi Yuan Bao | 紹熙元寶 | 绍熙元宝 | Regular script, Seal script | 1190–1194 | Guangzong |
| Qing Yuan Tong Bao | 慶元通寶 | 庆元通宝 | Regular script | 1195–1200 | Ningzong |
| Qing Yuan Yuan Bao | 慶元元寶 | 庆元元宝 | Regular script | 1195–1200 | Ningzong |
| Jia Tai Tong Bao | 嘉泰通寶 | 嘉泰通宝 | Regular script | 1201–1204 | Ningzong |
| Jia Tai Yuan Bao | 嘉泰元寶 | 嘉泰元宝 | Regular script | 1201–1204 | Ningzong |
| Kai Xi Tong Bao | 開禧通寶 | 开禧通宝 | Regular script | 1205–1207 | Ningzong |
| Kai Xi Yuan Bao | 開禧元寶 | 开禧元宝 | Regular script | 1205–1207 | Ningzong |
| Jia Ding Tong Bao | 嘉定通寶 | 嘉定通宝 | Regular script | 1208–1224 | Ningzong |
| Jia Ding Yuan Bao | 嘉定元寶 | 嘉定元宝 | Regular script | 1208–1224 | Ningzong |
| Sheng Song Zhong Bao | 聖宋重寶 | 圣宋重宝 | Regular script | 1210 | Ningzong |
| Bao Qing Yuan Bao | 寶慶元寶 | 宝庆元宝 | Regular script | 1225–1227 | Lizong |
| Da Song Tong Bao | 大宋通寶 | 大宋通宝 | Regular script | 1225 | Lizong |
| Da Song Yuan Bao | 大宋元寶 | 大宋元宝 | Regular script | 1225–1227 | Lizong |
| Shao Ding Tong Bao | 紹定通寶 | 绍定通宝 | Regular script | 1228–1233 | Lizong |
| Duan Ping Tong Bao | 端平通寶 | 端平通宝 | Regular script | 1234–1236 | Lizong |
| Duan Ping Yuan Bao | 端平元寶 | 端平元宝 | Regular script | 1234–1236 | Lizong |
| Duan Ping Zhong Bao | 端平重寶 | 端平重宝 | Regular script | 1234–1236 | Lizong |
| Jia Xi Tong Bao | 嘉熙通寶 | 嘉熙通宝 | Regular script | 1237–1240 | Lizong |
| Jia Xi Zhong Ba | 嘉熙重寶 | 嘉熙重宝 | Regular script | 1237–1240 | Lizong |
| Chun You Tong Bao | 淳佑通寶 | 淳佑通宝 | Regular script | 1241–1252 | Lizong |
| Chun You Yuan Bao | 淳佑元寶 | 淳佑元宝 | Regular script | 1241–1252 | Lizong |
| Huang Song Yuan Bao | 皇宋元寶 | 皇宋元宝 | Regular script | 1253–1258 | Lizong |
| Kai Qing Tong Bao | 開慶通寶 | 开庆通宝 | Regular script | 1259 | Lizong |
| Jing Ding Yuan Bao | 景定元寶 | 景定元宝 | Regular script | 1260–1264 | Lizong |
| Xian Chun Yuan Bao | 咸淳元寶 | 咸淳元宝 | Regular script | 1265–1274 | Duzong |
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