connected to and dependent on cyber systems

Maritime industry operations and management rely on cyber systems. Global Positioning Systems (GPS), automated equipment, physical security sensors, electronic certificates, cargo tracking, electronic navigation, Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), record-keeping and pre-arrival processing are just some of the equipment and activities that depend on reliable and secure cyber systems. This reliance on computers and computer networks, particularly those connected to the internet, creates a potential vulnerability to cyber attacks as a result of poor cyber security practices.