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People often think that reading begins with learning the pronunciation of letters. However, most young children prepare to read long before they learn that letters correspond to sounds. In fact, reading begins when children are in tune with the sounds of spoken words. This is where Phonological development intervenes.
Phonological development is a skill that allows children to recognize and use colloquial sounds. In preschool institutions, this means the ability to choose rhythmic words and count the number of syllables in the title. This also includes an understanding of how many sounds are repeated (alliteration).
After that, the skill moves from implementation to execution. Children define words that rhyme and divide words with syllables or simple sounds, listening instead of applauding.
Phonological development consists of a set of skills. The most difficult thing is called phonemic awareness. This is also the last one that develops. This ability allows children to identify individual sounds (phonemes) in a word. This includes the ability to divide a word into the sounds that make it up and to mix individual sounds to form other words.
Phonological awareness is an important determinant of learning to read and write. For most children, strong readers have a strong phonological awareness, and poor readers have poor phonological awareness skills.
The Phonological development skills in preschool children strongly predict how well the child will read. In addition, interventions to improve phonological awareness skills lead to significantly improved reading skills.
Phonological development is a metalinguistic capacity, which refers to the awareness that spoken language can be divided into several units, that is, the phrase can be divided into words, words into syllables and syllables into phonemes. The child will be able to identify that these same units can be repeated in different words.
Phonological development instruction improves reading and spelling skills, but the change is also true: literacy instruction improves phonological awareness skills.
The relationship between Phonological development and reading skills changes over time. All levels of phonological awareness (syllable, initial rhyme and phoneme) contribute to the reading of skills from preschool to second grade.
