One of the fossil fuels with more demand worldwide, is diesel, although it is a great pollutant of the environment, it is at the moment one of the most necessary that exist in our days, this post is dedicated, to investigate its manufacture and production, going through a short outline of basic concepts, which will help us to better understand its composition.
But where did this name come from?
Rudolf Diesel
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, Paris, 1858-canal de la mancha, 1913 German engineer. Diesel lived in Paris until 1870, when, after the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War, his family was deported to England. From London he was sent to Augsburg, where he continued with his academic training until entering the Technische Hochschule in Munich, where he studied engineering under the tutelage of Carl von Linde. In 1880 he joined the company that Von Linde owned in Paris.
His first concern in terms of engines was the development of an internal combustion engine whose energy performance would approximate as much as possible the theoretical performance of the ideal machine proposed by Carnot. In 1890, the year he moved to Berlin to occupy a new position in the company of Von Linde, he conceived the idea that ultimately would result in the engine that bears his name. It obtained the German patent of its design in 1892, and a year later it published, with the title Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wäremotors, a detailed description of its engine.
With the sponsorship of the Maschinenfabrik Augsburg and the Krupp Industries, Diesel produced a series of increasingly efficient models that culminated in 1897 with the presentation of a four-stroke engine capable of developing a power of 25 horsepower. The high efficiency of the diesel engines, coupled with a relatively simple design, quickly translated into great commercial success, which brought its creator significant economic benefits.
Known above all for being the inventor of this new internal combustion engine, Diesel also distinguished himself as a sociologist, linguist and art expert. It was last seen on the deck of the Dresden steamer en route to the United Kingdom through the English Channel, so it was assumed that it died at sea because of an accident.
The word "diesel" (as well, as is indicated in the last published academic orthography) is derived from the name of the German inventor Rudolf Diesel, who invented the diesel engine in 1892. At first he considered that the fuel suitable for his engine was powdered coal, but when he tried to inject it into the cylinders he caused an explosion that destroyed the prototype. Then he tried vegetable oils and succeeded in using peanut oil. Finally Diesel got a stable product from the refining of oil producing what we know today as diesel.
On the other hand, heating boilers began to use another petroleum derivative called fuel oil (chain hydrocarbon longer than diesel) which, over time was shown to be polluting, due to its relatively high sulfur content, little by little, it was prohibiting its use (until its prohibition in many countries), changing it for diesel. If in principle the word diesel was acceptable to describe this fuel, its use for heating, which has nothing to do with the inventor of the engine, means that the most appropriate names are diesel or gas oil.
Diesel Engine
Engine Operation
A diesel engine works by igniting (igniting) the fuel when it is injected in high-pressure spray in a chamber (or pre-chamber, in the case of indirect injection) of combustion that contains air at a temperature above the auto-combustion temperature, No need for spark as in gasoline engines. This process is what is called autoinflammation.
The temperature that initiates the combustion comes from the elevation of the temperature that takes place in the second time of the engine, the compression. The fuel is injected into the upper part of the combustion chamber at high pressure from very small holes in the injector so that it is atomized and mixed with the air at high temperature (between 700 and 900 ° C) and high pressure . As a result, the mixture ignites very quickly. This combustion causes the gas contained in the chamber to expand, driving the piston outwards.
This expansion, unlike the gasoline engine is adiabatic, generating a rectilinear movement through the piston stroke. The connecting rod transmits this movement to the crankshaft, which it rotates, transforming the reciprocating rectilinear movement (of going and coming, back and forth) of the piston in a rotation movement.
In order for autoinflammation to occur, it is necessary to reach the spontaneous ignition temperature of the diesel. In cold it is necessary to pre-heat the diesel or to use fuels heavier than those used in the gasoline engine, using the petroleum distillation fraction fluctuating between 220 ° C and 350 ° C, and which are called diesel or gas oil.
Application of Diesel technology
Generators with diesel engine - Commercial / Industrial Applications
Diesel generators are designed to meet the needs of small and medium enterprises, apart from the heavy use in industries. A generator is a revolutionary product that puts clean and affordable reserve power within the reach of millions of businesses, homes and small businesses. Reducing the cost of reserve power and making generators easy to install is becoming the norm these days.
Companies lose money when they stop their operations during a power outage. Considering the impact of the significant loss of revenue, the economy of investing in reserve energy is compelling. To illustrate the point: If a retail business earns an average profit of $ 1000 per hour at the cash register, the loss of income during a prolonged power outage will be very high, not to mention the cost of having idle employees during that time. weather. However, diesel generators eliminate the risk of a blackout. If we add the advantages of being open while competitors without reserve energy close their businesses, the cost / benefit analysis looks even better. Investing in generators is a simple way to safeguard revenues, maintain security, avoid losses, and protect the bottom line.
Most modern generators are designed to meet emergency power needs. These units continuously monitor the electrical current and start automatically if the power is interrupted and turn off when the electric service comes back on. In industries, during critical processes, generators can provide emergency power to all vital loads and selected as desired. This quality leads to the widespread use of diesel generators for recreational, residential, commercial, communication and industrial applications. Nowadays, most of the most modern hospitals, five-star hotels, business process outsourcing centers, factories, telecommunications organizations, commercial buildings, data centers, emergency facilities, large industries and mining companies require uninterrupted energy and They use generators with a backup diesel engine.
On the road:
The vast majority of modern heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks and buses, ships, long-distance trains, large-scale portable power generators, and most agricultural and mining vehicles have diesel engines. However, in some countries they are not as popular in passenger vehicles, as they are heavier, noisier, and have performance characteristics that make them slower to accelerate. In general, they are also more expensive than gasoline vehicles. Modern diesel engines have come a long way and with turbocharged direct injection systems now in vehicles, one would find it hard to notice a difference between diesel and gasoline engines.
In some countries, where tax rates make diesel fuel much cheaper than gasoline, diesel vehicles are very popular. The new designs have significantly reduced the differences between gasoline and diesel vehicles in these areas. The diesel laboratory of BMW in Austria is considered the world leader in the development of diesel engines for automobiles. After a long period with relatively few diesel cars in its lineup, Mercedes Benz has returned to diesel-powered cars in the 21st century, with an emphasis on high performance.
In the agricultural field, tractors, irrigation pumps, threshers and other equipment are predominantly diesel engines. Construction is another sector that depends heavily on diesel energy. All concrete pavers, scrapers, rollers, trenchers and excavators work with diesel.
On the Waters:
High-speed motors are used to power tractors, trucks, boats, buses, cars, compressors, generators and pumps. Larger diesel engines are used to power ships and liners along the high seas. These huge engines have power outputs of up to 90,000 kW, rotate at around 60 to 100 rpm, and have a height of 15 meters.
Underground:
The sector of mining and mineral extraction worldwide depends to a large extent on diesel power to take advantage of natural resources, such as aggregates, precious metals, iron, oil, gas and coal. Diesel shovels and drills dig these products and load them into huge mining trucks or conveyor belts that also operate on the same fuel. In general, diesel represents 72 percent of the energy used by the mining sector.
Both surface and underground operations depend on diesel equipment to extract materials and load trucks. The largest diesel equipment with rubber tires used in mining are huge off-road trucks with engines of more than 2,500 horsepower, capable of transporting more than 300 tons per load. These giant trucks rolling across the land are a sight to behold.
I hope you liked this post, I only have to say goodbye and thank all readers, thanks.
For more information visit these Links.
http://www.jatpower.com/blog/tipos-y-aplicaciones-de-los-motores-diesel-industriales/
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel
https://www.locosdelmotor.com/2014/04/23/funcionamiento-del-motor-diesel/
Atte.
