Franz Joseph Haydn is an Australian composer of German origin, born on April 1, 1732. He is called the father of the symphony and the string quartet - two of the basic characteristics of the so-called classical Viennese school. Haydn was a close friend of Mozart and a teacher of Beethoven. He was born in a small village, on the border between Austria, Slovakia and Hungary, in the family of a cartoon master and cook in the castle of a local aristocrat. Haydn's father was a natural musican - playing a harp and singing. He wanted his children to be educated musically. And that happens with all three of his sons - Joseph, Michael and Johan - become professional musicians. Joseph sent to study music in Heinburg with a family relative - choir conductor. There, young Haydn learns to play a chaplet and a violin. His talent was spotted by a choir conductor at a Viennese cathedral. He stays there for 9 years. There he develops his voice. In 1749, Hayden was old enough and wiser, despite his frail age. The guy-man has to suffer one more blow from fate - he's fired and at 17 years old he's unemployed on the street. He started working as a street musician and freelance musician. This is how 10 years of his life pass through him - on the brink of survival. He teaches music. At one point he "rises" to a music writer's note of a music pedagogue, a burgess who, however, teaches him a lot of subtleties of the composition.
In the 1950s, Haydn created a number of author's works in various genres, including a comic opera - "Koolit Devil", which was successfully received by the audience but shortly afterwards banned from censorship. His works, however, began to be sold in the music stores. They start to invite him as a ballet musician in the royal palace. In 1756 he met Earl Karl Fürnberg, a lover of the string quartet. Haydn wrote about him, and the first valuable employer in his life appeared - Count Morcin, who introduced him to the future patron of the composer, Prince Paul Esterházy. The prince is the descendant of one of the most influential Austro-Hungarian generations, choir, orchestra and theater. He hired Heidel for the bandmaster, and the composer remained a 30-year-old musician at Esterházy's estuary in Eisenstadt, near Vienna, patronized by the next one - Nikola Esterházy. The attitude towards him is no better than servants, but he has shelter, work and freedom to create. Haydn himself said these were the happiest years in his life. In practice, however, he is not only a hired, but almost "fortress" composer of the aristocratic family. The veto was also written for others, falling in 1779. Haydn began to negotiate with Austrian and foreign publishers of musical literature and gained international popularity. In 1790, when Pavel Esterhazi died, his heir Anton freed a great deal of the artists to the family castle, leaving Haydn on a salary "on merit", something like a retiree. The composer took advantage of his new position to travel. He has performed twice in London.
His glory is growing. This is the period when he met Beethoven on a trip to Germany. Already famous, the composer decides once again and finally to return to Vienna. In 1795, the successor of Prince Anton, Nicholas, decides to restore the orchestra from the time of his great-grandfather Paul Esterházy, and invites Haydn to continue writing in the castle. The young Nicholas Esterhazzi is respectful with the composer - he has his own home in the suburb of Vienna. During this period, Haydn is very fertile - he writes 6 months, an anthem in honor of Emperor Franz II. (Currently the main theme in Germany's anthem), he creates the world festivals of "Creation of the World" and "Annual Times". By the age of 73, Haydn felt physically and mentally physically weak - he was severely suffering the deaths of his brothers. For three years, the composer literally agonizes in illness and sadness. At the celebration on the occasion of his 76th anniversary, they brought him to an armchair in the hall and barely survived to stay briefly. There are his students - Salieri and Beethoven - who are appalled by their teacher. The composer receives numerous awards - the golden medal of Vienna, the honorary citizenship of the city, and the Philharmonic Society in St. Petersburg. The end of the great composer is in the midst of war. The combat operations of Napoleon's army are particularly fierce. Near the home of the sick composer falls a projectile. Vienna surrenders, but Napoleon orders no one to disturb the great composer and even put his house in security. Haydn died on May 31, 1809, at the age of 77. On the panichid in his memory, they performed the Requiem of his great friend, Mozart.
