4. Filler Explosive (-Dia / FE)
The way this bullet works is simple to penetrate and explode unfortunately it's rare because damage to the cavity filler explosives very easily damaged when fired.
5. Armor Piercing, Composite, Rigid (APCR)
Bullet round bullets are more likely to richochet, and smaller ones will cause less damage than a full caliber shell, especially since the penetrator does not contain an explosive filler. but because the shell mass is smaller, it will reduce the speed faster than the normal shell. In contrast, the increased penetration of the APCR shell comes from the fact that the penetrating region is smaller, increasing the amount of kinetic energy per square centimeter. Nevertheless, during the Second World War, it enabled the life of a low-caliber weapon service designed before the war to be renewed.
6. Armor Piercing, Composite, Non-Rigid (APCNR)
An alternative approach to APCR sub-caliber penetrators is piercing armor, composite, non-rigid (APCNR) shell. This type of shell uses the same principle as APCR, but uses light outer shell in a more active way.
Two different types of weapons are different types of ammunition where these weapons are only designed for fire ammunition types, and ordinary weapons are equipped with Littlejohn tapered adapter. Common for both types of weapons is that the diameter of the barrel decreases toward the muzzle. This causes lightly the outside of the shell to tightly fit the gun barrel, preventing the gas from escaping from the barrel.
The gun design is widely used by Germany, the most famous schwere Panzer-Büchse 41, firing 28 mm bullets that are reduced to 20 mm, but large caliber weapons are also designed, such as 7.5 cm Pak 41, firing a 75 mm shell that is reduced to 55 mm.
7. Armor Piercing, Discarding Sabot (APDS)
The principle of concentrating the kinetic energy of a large caliber shell in a narrow penetrator is brought to the extreme by piercing the armor, discarding the sabot (APDS) shell. Developed during the war, this type of shell is similar to APCR in principle of penetration. Instead of fixing the outer skin to the penetrator, outer skin, or sabot, it is removed from the penetrator immediately after leaving the muzzle. The Penetrator itself is a long, thin rod of high-density material, such as Tungsten, or, after fission energy becomes a common efter war, depleted Uranium.
APDS shells offer excellent penetration capabilities, but also suffer from the same problems as APCR. APDS also has a weakness that is less good accuracy and bullet easy to directed.
Hght Explosive, Anti-Tank (HEAT)
Unlike the above shell, all of which use kinetic energy to penetrate the steel plate, high explosive, anti-tank (HEAT) shell is shaped charge. The shell is designed as a cone-shaped cavity with copper lining, behind which is placed the explosives. When the shell hits the target, the blast will cause the copper layer to form a particle flow, which penetrates the steel plate at a hyper-sonic speed. This particle flow will spray inside the tank, along with the molten steel of the steel plate.
The main advantage of the HEAT shell is more kinetic penetrator energy is that it does not depend on speed. As a result, the excellent HEAT shell is suitable for infantry weapons, such as rifle grenades and rocket launchers. The Bazooka, PIAT, Panzerfaust, and Panzerschreck all fired HEAT bullets. The downside of the shell is that even thin steel plates placed some distance away from the steel plate will cause the particle flow to partially or completely disappear without penetrating the armor. It is used on Russian tanks, where frames with fire nets are welded to side towers in the final stages of the war, as protection against Panzerschreck and Panzerfaust. In addition, when fired from rifled weapons, the shell rotation will decrease penetration. Finally, the low-speed HEAT shells made aiming for a more difficult long range, and the shells were therefore unpopular with the crew of German anti-tanks, as revealed in this report from 1943.
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