The biosphere is the outer part of the Earth and includes air, land, and water, allowing the biotic process to take place and the existence of life. Understanding the biosphere according to geophysiology is a global ecological system that unifies all living things and their interrelations, including interactions with the elements of hydrosphere (water), Earth's atmosphere (air), and lithosphere (rock). Planet Earth is a place that supports the existence of life. The biosphere is thought to have taken place on Earth for about 3.5 billion years from about 4.5 billion years of planet Earth's age.
Every living being has its place in the biosphere for its own survival in their own way. The place of life is called Habitat, a living being has its own place for its survival under certain conditions on Earth's planetary layers. A place that can support the survival of an organism is called the biosphere.
The term biosphere originally comes from the Greek word "bio" meaning "life" and "sphere" means "layer". Thus, it can be simply concluded that the definition of the biosphere is a layer of living being. Living things or organisms that exist on the surface of the earth consists of 3 groups, namely plants, animals, and humans.
In general, the biosphere can be grouped into biocycles or the environment, namely biosiklus or the environment of land and water. The mainland biosiklus consists of several smaller parts called biomes, ie landscapes that have unique characteristics based on climatic conditions dominated by certain fauna and flora.
Each zone and subzone on the surface of the earth has several different types of flora and fauna depending on the environment conditions. Flora and fauna that live in the biome are called biota. The form of self-adaptation of an organism or a living thing to its environment is called adaptation. 2 species of living creatures can occupy in the same habitat, but have different niches (nisia). Nisia is a functional status of organisms in an ecosystem. For more details, the following biosphere according to experts.
Understanding Biosphere According to Experts
Eduard Suess
Biosphere opinion according to Eduard Sues who is a geologist says that the biosphere is a place that is on the surface of the earth where there is a life to dwell.
James Lovelock
The definition of the biosphere is a living organism, called the gaia hypothesis. The gaia hypothesis describes how abiotic and biotic factors can interact in an environment.
Jhon Wiley
The definition of biosphere according to Jhon Wiley is a zone of planet earth where there is a life that occurs naturally, expanded from the layer of the earth with a lower atmosphere.
Vladimir wanouich veinadsky
The biosphere is an open system and has also evolved since the beginning of the earth's history.
Michael Allaby
Michael Allaby argues that the notion of the biosphere is part of the living environment of an organism found and they interact by forming an effective and stable group system for the entire ecosystem on planet Earth.
The Level of Organizational Organizations
Protoplasm
Protoplasm is a living substance contained in cells and consists of complex organic compounds such as fat, protin, and so forth.
Cell
Cells are the basic units of organisms or living things consisting of protoplasm and nuclei present in the membrane.
Network
Networks are some combination of cells that have the same shape and function, such as muscle tissue.
Organ
The organs are part of an organism with certain functions, such as the eyes of a human, and so on.
Organ System
Organ system is a cooperation between structural and functional harmoniously.
Organism
Organisms can also be called living things.
Population
The population is a group of organisms or similar living things that live and breed in a particular region or region.
Ecosystems
Ecosystem is a unified whole order and comprehensive among all elements of the environment that can to influence each other.
Community
Communities are all populations of several species located in certain areas.
Definition of Biosphere Reserves
Biosphere reserves are areas where an entire ecosystem of its natural elements is preserved and protected for research or education purposes. In addition, there are also other biosphere reserve purposes as follows:
Aims to conserve biodiversity in natural ecosystems and maintain genetic diversity so that the evolutionary process can proceed continuously.
Provide facilities and places for education or research.
In the biosphere there are all kinds of living organisms that are always adjacent to inanimate objects. All living things can interact with each other and form unity.
Factors that may affect the distribution of flora and fauna
There are two factors that influence the distribution of flora and fauna, among others:
Abiotic factors
Abiotic factors such as climate, soil conditions, altitude from the surface of the earth, and water.
Climate
Climate is a factor that includes the state of temperature, humidity, and wind. Climate has a major influence on survival on Earth For example: sunlight is needed plants to do photosynthesis, humidity and wind for the pollination process in flora, and so forth.
Soil state
Soil conditions have a great influence on ground water, soil temperature that affects the presence or absence of water conditions in the soil and the roots of the flora. For example in the tropics that have various types of flora, but in the desert area has only a few species of flora only.
Water
Much of the water depends on the rainfall factor, while rainfall depends on the climate, as well as the soil conditions that have an influence on water absorption.
High low surface of the earth
The high and low of a region can make the existence of temperature difference so that affect the diversity of flora fauna.
Biotic factors
Which includes biotic factors are living things like flora, fauna, and humans.
Living things
Living things like flora, fauna, and humans have an influence on the distribution of the flora fauna. Especially humans with the development of science and technology can do the distribution of flora fauna in an area, such as conservation of rare animals.
Animals also become one of the factors that affect the spread of the flora that plays a role to fertilize the soil. For example, animals that eat fruits that then spread the seeds of fruits that can grow into new plants.
That is the understanding of the biosphere. Some sources on the internet distinguish between the broadest sense of the biosphere and the narrow biosphere understanding. Narrowly, the meaning of the biosphere is explained that the biosphere is distinguished from lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. While broadly the definition of the biosphere is the unity of all the habitats of living things or organisms that exist in the world.
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