Power Notes

Types of Counterpower:

Idea Counterpower
Economic Counterpower
Physical Counterpower

Bargaining games:

ultimatum game: powerful person offers ultimatum and the subject would have to accept that offer or else both the proposer and the recipient will receive no reward
dictator game: powerful person offers a proposal and the recipient would have to accept that offer. the recipient has no choice of rejecting the offer.

Controlling subjects:

psychological abuse
physical abuse
goal is to control and intimidate the subject or to influence them to feel that they dont have an equal voice in the relationship

Tactics:

intermittent/partial reinforcement

Other things:

Shape the environment for policy
Soft power is affected by non state actors in and outside the country. they affect both the general public and governing elites in other countries and create an enabling or disabling environment for govt policies
associated with globalization and neoliberal international relations theory
create a cyber advocacy organization and put pressure on governments. recruit member and project their voice on the global stage
create, develop, and promote empire culture
exercise downward power
disruptive contagion or ripple effect
revolutionary coalition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power
put order to a chaotic system
economic incentives or military strength
power: population, territory, natural resources, economic and military strength

Social power:

social influence = target of influence + influencing agent
change the belief of the target of influence

Legitimate power:
3 bases of legitimate power:

cultural values
acceptance of social structure
designation

Legitimate powers:

legitimate position power
legitimate power of reciprocity
legitimate power of equity
legitimate power of dependence

Referent power:

Rooted in the affiliations we make and/or the groups and orgs we belong to
Positive referent: utilizes shared personal connection or shared belief between the influencing agent and target with the intention of positively correlated actions of the target
Negative referent
Based on charisma and interpersonal skills
Nationalism and patriotism are examples of intangible referent powers

Expert power:

Based on what one knows, experience, and special skills or talents
Expertise can be demonstrated by reputation, credentials certifying expertise, and actions
Positive expert
Negative expert

Informational power:

Influence agent provides a baseline of information to a target of influence to lay the groundwork in order to be effective with future persuasion
Information has been used by some to extort action, utterance, agreement, or settlement by others
Providing rational arguments, using information to persuade others, using facts and manipulating information can create a power base
Direct informational power: information presented by the influencing agent directly to the target of change
Indirect informational power: info presented influencing agent indirectly to the target of change void of attempting influence, such as hints or suggestions
Socially independent of change
Accessibility
Tools/mechanisms: possessing information, obtaining relevant information in a timely way to amass a power base. informational power as a base is derived by determining the usefulness and appropriateness of the information

power by proxy or invoking the power of third parties may be used to reinforce or supplement other power bases by using a third party to invoke change in a target of influence

instructive power – the chance to determine the actions and thoughts of another person

destructive power – the chance to diminish the opportunities of another person

Hard power:

economic incentives or military strength
power: population, territory, natural resources, economic and military strength

International politics:

offer economic incentives or force to ngos
offer economic incentives or force to international institutions

Empire immortality:

population size: buy companies, hire people
build and develop military assets
develop maximum money system

Power notes:

power vacuums
destroy your enemy’s source of power
bigger dangers

What is Soft Power?

Shape preferences of others through appeal and attraction.
Change and influence opinion through relatively less transparent channels.
Lobby through powerful organizations.

Strengthen your power currencies:

Culture [in places where it is attractive to others]
Political values [when it lives up to them anywhere they are]
Foreign policies [when others see them as legitimate and having moral authority]

Values:

democracy
human rights
individual opportunities [deeply seductive]

Different demographics are attracted or repelled by different:

things
ideas
images
prospects

Civilian instruments:

national security
diplomacy
strategic communications
foreign assistance
civic action
economic reconstruction and development

Soft power factors:

quality of political institutions
extent of cultural appeal
strength of diplomatic network
reputation of education system
attractiveness of economic model
country’s digital engagement with the world

Sources of soft power:

pop culture
mass media
normative structures
international news

Soft power extends beyond the operations of government:

to the activities of the private sector
to society
and culture at large

Trigger normative obligations:

reciprocity
equity
responsibility

Rational choice framework:

outcome power – the ability of an actor to bring about or help bring about outcomes
social power – the ability of an actor to change the incentive structures of other actors in order to bring about outcomes

Sharp gene condition: