Some of us, if not most don't realize that motion seems to be everywhere, as a matter of fact, there's nothing in our observable universe that can be considered to be absolutely at rest and it begs the question of how important motion truly is. Before we proceed further, let's first understand what motion actually is.
Motion is simply the change in position in spacetime (space and time). Every activity, be it in the classical or quantum realm takes place in our physical spacetime otherwise such activity would be only existent in the mind - not objective. As a matter of fact, the predictions of quantum physics (despite some being nonsensical) cannot be tested and confirmed if motion (given by the definition above) doesn't take place, especially in particle accelerators and colliders.
Most macroscopic activities (excluding gravity) and matter (bulk matter) can be fundamentally traced/reduced down to the so called "elementary particles" presented by the standard model of particle physics - see image below.
In our previous article, we showed that these particles (above) are excitations of their corresponding vacuum fields, that is, when their vacuum fields are given the right energy greater than their vacuum energy, the vacuum fields becomes real particles, such as those presented above. We also stated that at vacuum state, the fields (vacuum fields) undergo what is called vacuum fluctuations, the fluctuations means that the fields aren't at rest but undergoing changes (in field value) and because the fields are located in our physical spacetime, they (the fields) must be undergoing changes with respect to space and time - they are thus undergoing motion. These fluctuations are sometimes interpreted as virtual particles randomly popping in and out of existence in space and time, just like the bubbles in boiling water. When these vacuum fields are given the right energy - excited, the virtual particles can become real particles. What we've just shown here is that motion is needed for the existence of the fundamental building blocks (the elementary particles) of the universe.
When real particles emerge, they are not found to be at rest, they are also observed to be in motion and it's because part of the energy given to their vacuum fields for excitation has been converted to their kinetic energies (motion energy), this is in line with the conservation of energy and momentum. The motions of these particles are restricted and controlled basically by the four fundamental forces (gravity, weak, strong and electromagnetic) and other quantum mechanical principles, thus enabling in the stability and build up of bulk matter. Different motion configurations (governed by quantum mechanics) of the subatomic particles - especially electrons, that makes up the atoms gives rise to the properties of different atoms. The different motion configurations of atoms gives rise to the properties of different molecules and that of molecules or atoms (monatomic molecules) gives rise to certain macroscopic properties, examples includes temperature and pressure. The overall and "random" motions of molecules/atoms or sometimes subatomic particles - in the case of the plasma state of matter, gives rise to what we macroscopically perceive as "temperature" and every macroscopic object has a non-zero temperature value (in unit of Kelvin). One interesting fact, is that it's practically impossible to drop the temperature of macroscopic objects down to absolute zero (in unit of Kelvin).
In biological systems, motion is essential, if not the most essential. In cells, motion is needed for informations (especially genetic materials), nutrients and energy to exist at other parts within the cell and in other cells from a specific part of the cell or from a specific cell. We multicellular organisms need motion so that we can eat to sustain our existence and perform activities. To see or hear, we also need motion, light/sound from the reflecting/emitting source needs motion to exist in our eyes/ears and thus in our brains for processing. These are just a few of the infinite examples of biological processes that requires motion for their continued existence. As a matter of fact, motion is constantly needed for the continued existence of living things.
When we move to the galactic scale, we also observe motion. Here on Earth, when we sit on our chairs in our homes and not doing anything, it is generally concluded that we are at rest but like we said previously, nothing is absolutely at rest in our universe. Remember that we are sitting on a chair that is in a planet that is rotating on it's axis (motion configuration responsible for our day and night) and also revolving around a central star - our sun, (motion configuration responsible for the different seasons of the year). This therefore means that nothing in our planet can be considered to be absolutely at rest. Rest on the other hand is a relative concept, we also need motion to define rest. The reason why we don't observe our planet to be moving can partly be attributed to Galilean relativity.
The story however doesn't end there, our planet (Earth) is one of the many bodies orbiting our sun, which together all forms our solar system. Our solar system on another hand is among the many entities (including other solar systems) revolving around a central object (believed to be a black hole) and together they all form a Galaxy (the milky way). Just like our Galaxy, there are many other galaxies and our current understanding of cosmology, especially from observation suggests that galaxies are "moving" farther away from each other (the universe/space itself is expanding). If we however extend this to a multiverse, then according to a variant of cosmic inflation theory - eternal inflation, universes are also moving farther apart from each other. And so does the process continues to ad infinitum.
If we observe closely from the subatomic to galactic scale, motion seems to be everywhere and that different motion configurations are interpreted as different physical things, very amazing.
What's even more striking, is the fact that certain fundamental motion parameters/constants, such as the values of the vacuum speed of light (approximately 3 × 10^8 meters per second) and cosmological constant (of the order 10^ -120 per length squared) - related to the expansion of the universe, seems to be fine-tuned to perfectly produce the kind of universe we currently observe. If they had not taken on those values, then the universe produced may not have had the properties to support life or that our universe may not have formed at all.
We now have seen how very important motion is for our existence but come to think of it, let's assume we indeed exist in a multiverse - universes with infinite possibilities, could there exist a universe where the reverse was the case ? - a universe where rest (no motion) seems to be the main ingredient for existence.
It's here we thus conclude this article, have a thoughtful day and see you next time.
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