Some interesting thoughts here. I'm not sure what to make of the question about God respecting his agree with Satan more than he respected Job. I'll have to think on that. My first reaction is to say that since God is perfect He will always honor His agreements. So there's the integrity aspect of that agreement, which doesn't have as much to do about respecting lower beings as it does with respecting His own word.

Secondly, I'd that God has so much confidence in Job's faith that He was willing to allow Satan to tempt him. Of course, that confidence would also have something to do with His own sovereignty. There is something deep there that does require more contemplation.

I'm more concerned with this:

I was taught the idea that God could not look upon sin, which was the need for the shedding (via torture) of Jesus blood to cover us in atonement. This idea becomes questionable if one believes that Satan is a sinful being who was cast away from God and heaven, as He seems to come and go from Gods presence with a familiarity/respect one does not see afforded to others for the most part.

You have to remember that Satan is a fallen angel, so he's incorporeal. He can certainly go places that man can't. But he is not eternal and cannot be in multiple places at once. He is not God, nor is he God's equal. More importantly, while Satan may be guilty of the first sin (pride), that took place long before man himself had the ability to sin, redemption is not available to Satan or any of the demons. Christ's atoning sacrifice was for man, not for angels. And certainly not for Satan.

For surely He helps not the angels, but He helps the seed of Abraham. Therefore it behooved Him to be made like the brothers in all things, so that He might become a merciful and faithful high priest in things relating to God, in order to make propitiation for the sins of the people. For in that He Himself has suffered, having been tempted, He is able to help those being tempted. (Hebrews 2:16-81)

The whole chapter of Hebrews 2 is about salvation and how it is obtained. There are three things to note about this chapter with regard to Satan and atonement:

1. Atonement is for those who have been tempted (i.e. man)
2. It is not for the angels or demons
3. The final enemy that will be conquered is death, and Satan is the one who holds the power of death (v. 14)

Satan being the tempter, cannot be redeemed. Atonement is not open to him. Therefore, God's plan should not be questioned on the basis of Satan being sinful since Christ did not die for his sins.

Thanks again for the challenge.