Boening 747 with a common name "Jumbo yet" is the one of the most biggest jet planes in the world. He has very enormous dimensions - about 65 meters span, 75 meters length... He can take once from about 366 to 568 people. In addition his mass at the start of rise up can achieve even 442 253kg! (source: www.en.wikipedia.org) So... How he is able to break away from the ground?

Boening 747

1. Lift force

As we know on the plane as for every body in earth's gravity field affects the force of gravity. If plane wants to stay on the wing, he must have opposed force to his gravity. This force is called lift. So we have 3 options:

• If plane wants to be able to go up the lift power must be higher than the force of gravity
• If plane wants to be at the same height as he is lift power must be equal to force of gravity
• If plane wants to decrease his height lift power must be lower than force of gravity

Lift is made when the air (which is moving opposite to the move of plane) flows accordingly contoured wing. It depends on several factor:

1.1 angle of attack

Wing of an airplane is inclined to move direction at some angle - angle of attack. The air (as a result of acting angle) changes his momentum on perpendicular to this move. Therefore Newton's second law says that wing affects on the air with some force turned down. In this case in accordance with Newton's third law the air affects on the surface of wing with the same value but opposite sense of a vector. 

source: en.wikipedia.org

1.2 Wing structure, Bernoulli's Principle

Another very important factor which affects on made lift's force is appropriate shape of wing. 

source: www.encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com

influence of wing's shape to lift force shows the video below:

1.3 Controlling

Except rising, falling,  acceleration and release we have to control plane. We do it using ailerons, flaps, elevator and rudder. 

source: www.budowasamoloturc.com.pl

ailerons - they are used to control tilt - rotation along the longitudinal axis. They participate in the turn of the plane.

flaps - if necessary they can widely increase lift or wing's drag. With their help plane can fly with a lower speed and cut plane start and landing. 

elevators - they allow plane rotation relative to transverse axis and change plane flight path or angle of attack. 

rudder - he affects on plane rotation in relation to vertical axis. He also is used to make correct turn.

We also have to know that on quality of plane flight also affects direction and speed of winds, quality and density of air - but they are less important than those described above. 

I hope you have persevere to the end!:)

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@besmarter