Soils where rice cultivation is develops, are of flat topography, texture clay loam until clayey, with a fertility medium to good. You should avoid planting rice in sandy terrains or with undulating slopes. In fragile soils with risks of erosion, must carry out conservation work Soils to prevent their degradation.
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You have to make a visual evaluation of the area to know if the soil meets the characteristics suitable for rice planting. This evaluation determines if a soil is bad, moderate or good based on characteristics of porosity, structure and consistency, color, compaction, coverage, effective depth and number of earthworms present. A soil analysis must be performed to determine the amount of existing nutrients and on this basis design the fertilization that must apply.
It is recommended to ensure a good bed sowing with minimum tillage offered by the better conditions for the Germanisation of the seed and crop development; that also onserve moisture, and prevent the incidence of insect pests and diseases. When planting rice, the use of rice should be avoided. Soils with little real depth or arable layer,
since the potential yield of these soils it is limited and the roots are not deepened.
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Tillage with animal traction
It is another technique for planting rice, it consists of in preparing the land with slash and management the stubble
(does not burn). After having carried out these activities a stripe is passed of plowing with oxen and the ground is ready
waiting for the final line of sowing. It can Apply authorized herbicides.
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Manual plowing with espeque
It is the oldest planting performed by the producers and consists of a stick with a tip that allows to make the hole to deposit the seed. With this type of preparation the soil erosion and its degradation, since the soil It is little removed. To this production system it is known as conservation tillage and It is usually used in hillside areas, where farmers sow with spices on vegetable cover that forms after of the chapoda of weeds and stubble.
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Tillage with motor traction
Preparing the soil has been a necessity to facilitate the work of the seeders traditional so that they deposit in precise depth, distances and contact permanent with the ground. Innovative practices are currently being applied of soil management for direct sowing without flip it, thanks to the use of implements that allow to condition the floor and manipulate only the strip needed to deposit the seed and the fertilizer.
This technique can not be applied in all types of soil and conditions, but it is possible apply conservation tillage practices, what that promotes biotic activity in the soil, water holding capacity, training of organic matter, reduction of wind erosion and soil water and dioxide release carbon to the atmosphere. In the production system with machinery, in open soils the number of passes of a agricultural implement, is one plow and two passes of harrow, while in clay soils the number of tiered passes will depend on the size of clods.
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Dates of plantings
In the rainfed system, the sowing date is must do so that the harvest coincides with dry periods to avoid losses by
humidity. In the case of early varieties as INTA FORTALEZA SECANO the date Recommended is from the first to the 15th of August. Irrigation is more used by farmers who are located in the pacific and north of the country, with better economic conditions and that have of machinery for the sowing processes, maintenance and harvest. This variant is
effect in dry areas and like the previous it is sought that the crop coincides with periods dry to avoid losses or staining the grain.
Selection of seeds
The sowing must be done with seed certified In case the farmer is hindered get this seed quality, it recommends cleaning well the pellet that will use as a seed and before sowing it determine its germination and vigor. It is important to consider that the pellets for planting is not contaminated with grains of red rice that is the main problem that faces the producer. The germination test is done from the
Following way:
• Take out several samples of different
parts of the seed lot.
• With these samples, make four groups
of 100 seeds each.
• Distribute the seed of each group about
sand or earth.
• Cover and water them every day until
that germinates in 5 days.
Basic fertilization
It is done to satisfy mainly the needs of the plant in the first thirty days of age. Complete formulas are applied have Nitrogen and high content of Phosphorus, like 18-46-0. This is done after the sow when done dry, or 15 days after germination in the low condition irrigation. The recommended dose depends on the degree of technification and cultivation system, although it is generally recommended from 1 to 2 quintals per manzana.
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Some of the great techniques in rice cultivation such as Argenis alias the monkey, Camaguey, and Sicatrongo, gave their testimony regarding this in their style and rapides for the commercialization of this delicious product.
