dear steemian

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How are u steemian Today, hopefully healthy, bridges we need, and maybe Now just come true, When the village funds are issued.

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# bridges The bridge is a construction that serves to pass traffic that is cut off at both ends due to obstacles such as river / water path, valley, road / railroad crossing below. The underlying structure of the bridge is the foundation. A foundation system must be calculated to ensure the safety, stability of the building thereof, there shall be no partial or complete decline beyond the permissible limits. 5 Principles of Bridge Construction Selection

Simple Construction (workable community) boss
Cheap Price (utilize local material)
Strong & Durable (able to accept load traffic)
Easy & Cheap Treatment (can be done masy)
Stable & Able to Withstand Water Scrap
Things to Consider in Making the Foundation

The weight of the building to bear the foundation and the live, dead and other loads and loads caused by external forces
Soil type and soil bearing capacity
Available foundation materials or easily available in place
Tools and manpower available
Location and workplace environment
Time and cost of work
Selection of Bridge Location

Select Shortest Span
Avoid River Bend Locations
Avoid High Abutment High
Bridge Complementary Building

1. Bridge Wing
   Function: Holding the river cliff and the base of the bridge

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Function: Access road to Bridge & Cover maximum 12%

The weight of the building to bear the foundation and the live, dead and other loads and loads caused by external forces
Soil type and soil bearing capacity
Available foundation materials or easily available in place
Tools and manpower available
Location and workplace environment
Time and cost of work
Note: Bridges with special type of construction & long spans beyond the above four types need approval from KMT.
There are several types of construction:

1. Iron Floor Iron Gate Bridge
   Advantages :
   Cheap Price (if there is wood in the local village)
   Simple Construction
   Strength of the Gates (iron) Guaranteed
   Easy & Cheap Maintenance
   5.Gelagar Durable Iron (if protected from rust)
   Deficiency :
   Wood Flooring Often Lapuk (let alone low wood quality)
   Less Traffic Comfort
2. Reinforced Concrete Bridge

Advantages :

Durable (do not know the term weathered like wood)
"Relative" No Need Care
Convenient to Traffic
Low price if associated with long service life / long benefit krn good quality
Deficiency :
Expensive Price if the quality is ugly short shg life
More Complex Construction
Need Strict Supervision to Ensure Concrete Quality
Foundation Need Stronger (more heavy construction load)
More Difficult in Repairs, if there is damage
Error in "Foundry" Difficult to Fix

1. Hanging Bridge

Advantages :

Fairly Long Span
Cheap price
Simple Construction
Easy Implementation
Steel Cable "Durable"
No Jobs "Foundation on Water or Pillars"

Deficiency :

Wood Flooring Easy Lapuk (especially if the quality of wood is low)
Can only be for Kend Kend 2 (to be able to 4 wheel kendas there must be a complicated calculation)
Uncomfortable (swaying condition)

1. Gelagar Bridge & Wooden Floor
   Advantages :
   Cheap Price (especially if there is wood in the local village)
   Simple Construction
   Easy Implementation
   Maintenance Simply Easy
   Deficiency :
   Wood Less Durable or Easy Lapuk (especially if the quality of wood is low)
   A Little Less Comfortable for Traffic

Bridge Foundation

3 Types of "Ordinary" or "Recommended" Bridge Foundations in KDP:

1. Direct Foundation
   Coupled stone or reinforced concrete
   Suitable for medium to hard type of soil
2. Simple Piling Foundation
   Material pole of reinforced concrete or wood
   Suitable for soft soil types
3. Foundation of Sumuran
   Material from concrete mix
   Suitable for sandy soil type where hard ground is rather deep

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Ground Anchor

This method of drilling is carried out in good foundation soils comprising sandy layers, gravel layers, fine grained layers or weathered rocks, as well as a section retaining tensile forces such as cement mixtures with steel or cement wires with steel rods inserted into drill holes and then accompanied by a subsequent attraction to strengthen its construction.

1. Anchor Type

Fight with sliding resistance
Anchoring with bear plates
The combined anchors

2. Anchoring Method

Anchoring method with grouting
Anchoring method with pressurized hole (PS anchors)
Anchoring method with emphasis (wedge anchors)
Anchoring method of plate
UAC anchor method

3. Prestressed Prestressing Method Prestressed with Grouting

Important Part of the Anchor- Anchorage- Free stressing (unbonded) length- Bond length
Grouting
Tendon material
Spacers & Centralizers

Tolerance

1. Plan
   Abutment or pillar (measured from the placement line) 2.0 cm
   The armature bolt when it has been digrouting 0.5 cm
2. The center end position to the center of the placement
   Length of span 1.0 cm
   Transverse distance from the placement of 0.5 cm on each abutmet or pillar
3. Surface Elevation
   Surface of abutment or pillar + 2.0 cm
   Top surface of block beam + 0.5 cm
4. Horizontal Hold
   Center point of placement to wall 0 + 0.5 cm
5. Placement
   Elevation / Surface + 0.5 cm
   Location 2.0 cm

#source

http://m.cn-zsm.com/products/cementing-accessories/rigid-centralizer.html

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elevation

https://horizontalholdnc.bandcamp.com/