Decentralized Exchange (DEX) vs. Centralized Exchange (CEX)

Decentralized exchanges (DEX) and centralized exchanges (CEX) are two completely different models of cryptocurrency trading platforms. They have fundamental differences in terms of their operation, security, and user control.

1. Centralized Exchange (CEX)
   CEX is the most well-known model for cryptocurrency trading. They are operated by a single, central entity, like a traditional stock exchange or bank. The central entity is a company (e.g. Binance, Coinbase, Kraken) that operates the exchange. Custody users deposit their cryptocurrency into the exchange’s wallet for trading. This means that the user’s private keys are under the control of the exchange (Not Your Keys, Not Your Coins). CEXs use an order book model, where buyers and sellers list their desired price and quantity.

Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
Ease of Use: Friendly interface for beginners and good customer support. Custody Risk: There is a risk of losing user funds if the exchange is hacked.
High Liquidity: Liquidity is usually high due to a large number of users. Regulatory Risk: The exchange can be shut down at any time due to government regulation or ban.
Fiat Access: Easy to deposit and withdraw fiat currency (e.g. USD, EUR). Lack of Privacy: KYC (Know Your Customer) process is mandatory before use.

1. Decentralized Exchange (DEX)
   DEX is a blockchain-based platform that operates without any central organization or intermediary. They use smart contracts to automate the trading process. Self-custody users trade directly from their own personal wallet (e.g. MetaMask). The private key is always under the user’s control. Trading Mechanism Most modern DEXs (e.g. Uniswap, SushiSwap) use the Automated Market Maker (AMM) model. Trading is done from Liquidity Pools. Users who provide liquidity deposit their assets into the liquidity pool and earn income from trading fees.

Advantages and disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantages
Self-Custody: Private keys are held by the user, so the risk of hacking is low. Relatively complex: The interface can be complicated for new users.
Low censorship: It is difficult for any regulatory body or central authority to stop transactions. Low liquidity: Some DEXs or tokens may have low liquidity.
Privacy: Usually no KYC or personal account creation required. Gas Fees: High gas fees for each transaction (especially on L1 like Ethereum).
Token Access: New or smaller tokens are listed on DEXs before CEXs. Bugs and vulnerabilities: There is a risk if there are bugs or vulnerabilities in the smart contract code.