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Why is it that in modern societies with widespread education, universal suffrage, and democratic political systems the apolitical stratum (in active citizens) is so large? A short and several fundamental reasons are given-
- You are less likely to get involved in politics if you place a low value on the rewards expected from political involvement relative to the rewards a person may gain (or expect) from political activity can be conveniently divided into two kinds: direct gratifications received from the activity itself and instrumental benefits brought about as a consequence of the activity.
- You are less likely to get involved in politics if you think that there is no significant difference in the alternatives before you and consequently that what you do won’t matter.
- You are less likely to become involved in politics if you think that what you do won’t matter because you can’t significantly change the outcome anyway. The weaker one’s sense of political efficacy, the less likely one is to become involved.
- You are less likely to become involved in politics if you believe that the outcome will be relatively satisfactory to you without your involvement. A citizen who believes a political decision is important nevertheless might not become involved in it if he or she feels quite confident that the decision will turn out well anyway. Just as low confidence in one ‘political efficacy discourages participation, so too, high confidence in the all-round justice legitimacy, stability, and fairness of decision in one’s political system may make one’s participation seem unnecessary.
- You are less likely to get involved in politics if you feel that your knowledge is too limited for you to be effective.
In conclusion, the greater the obstacles placed in your way, the less likely you are to become involved in politics. When people expect reward from an activity, they are willing to overcome great obstacles and incur “high costs to gain them”. This is why an average Nigeria politician will always go extra-mile in making sure he/she wins elections to ascend to position of authority.
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