Excellent analysis of an issue that is rarely talked about yet is the biggest crisis facing the world.

This issue is not just facing the richest countries but also the middle rung countries. With very limited exceptions, only the poorest and least educated countries still have a total fertility rate (TFR) above the replacement level of 2.1. Even India has recently dropped below 2.1.

What this and most analyses of this issue lack is an examination of why the exceptions are exceptional and whether those factors which have led to higher TFR can be duplicated. In particular:
a) the only advanced economy to have been able to maintain a TFR well above replacement and what factors are at play there to allow at TFR of around 3.0;
b) the only example I am aware of a large country with a very low TFR (1.2) managing to substantially increase it to around 1.7.

I will send 5 Hive to the first person to answer the names of the countries in a) and b) above.