Some emissions from certain human activities can cause serious damage to the atmosphere, such as acid rain, the destruction of the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect.
The greenhouse effect is a natural process generated by greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O and chlorofluorocarbons), which absorb infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface and prevent it from escaping into outer space. This causes the surface air temperature to be warmer. Therefore, the average temperature of the earth has remained at about 15 掳 C and is suitable for the maintenance of life. In recent times, humanity is pouring large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, mainly due to the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, forest fires and livestock.
The result of an increase in the natural greenhouse effect of the planet may be an increase in the global temperature or global warming of the earth, which could have serious consequences: the polar ice will melt, submerge the sea level, vast suffer from changes in climate, among many other consequences.
Acid rain is considered any precipitation with a pH lower than 5.65. In the study networks of the acid rain that has been started in several countries, numerous precipitations have been detected with pH values lower than 5.
From the beginning it was suspected that there is a relationship between air pollution and the acidity of the rains. The chemical composition of rainwater depends on the composition of the high atmosphere, where the drops are formed by condensation, and also of the substances present in the path of the drops from the high atmosphere to the ground.
Some years ago it was detected that, in certain areas of the earth, the concentration of ozone in the stratosphere was lower than usual.
The depletion of the ozone layer is more noticeable in the pole, and mainly in the South pole. In these zones, where the amount of ozone is lower, there are the so-called << holes of the ozone layer >>. There, ultraviolet radiation reaches the surface of the earth, and can cause damage to living beings.
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