The researchers placed an optogenetic key in the medulla, an old part of the brain, and managed to regulate the activity of the neurons there with the help of laser light. A sleeper mouse passes REM sleep seconds after neurons are active.
REM sleep, which is distinguished by rapid eye movements, is the dream state in which the cortex is activated in mammals, and all skeletal muscles are paralyzed to enable us to live our dreams. Disabling neurons has reduced, or even eliminated, the ability of the mouse to enter REM sleep.
Researchers say that this finding will not only explain the complex control of sleep and dream, but also why we dream by arranging stopping dreams and initiating.
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