Selection of peer nodes and decentralization

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How do BitShares, Ethereum, Bitcoin and other top ranked crypto currencies select peer nodes when they first start with empty database ?
Same question - when they start with synced database.

I guess there is a set of hardcoded nodes, which provide further information to a client.
How many of those nodes is usualy hardcoded into crypto software ?
Are they usually hardcoded by IP address or domain name ?
How would crypto network survive if all these nodes are banned, Ddosed, conspired or otherwise made dysfunctional to the network ?
Are latest reliable nodes published on blockchain by existing trusted nodes so that clients with not too old database do not have to rely on hardcoded list ?

Selection of peer nodes and decentralization | Ecency