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Queen Victoria is the grandson of King George III. In 1837, he ascended the throne as Queen of Great Britain. With a period of 63 years and seven months, he is the longest-serving queen in history. His reign was an era of advancement in all fields called the Victorian Era. Under his rule, Britain became the largest kingdom in the world whose territory included Canada, Australia and India. A number of important advances in economics, the military, and science and culture took place under his control. The invention of new machines resulted in industrial revolution and mass production activities. Victoria also promoted religious tolerance in her territory, especially after the uprising in India in 1857. Many Victorian descendants also became kings and queens throughout Europe, so she was nicknamed the European Grandmother.