Classification of living organisms
Classification of living organisms
Science classification is a branch of biology, and respect as all living organisms in the world; from plants, animals, live micro - organisms, and name, and divided into interconnected groups, and the division depending on the shape, behavior, and genetic traits, and biochemical. Specie is the basic unit of classification. Species are defined as a group of similar living organisms capable of pairing together and producing a fertile generation. Classification scientists provide a universal and standardized Latin name for each known species of living organisms. This name, known scientifically as the scientific name, is used worldwide, regardless of native language. [1]
When a new species of organisms is discovered , scientists begin to study it to make sure it is not associated with any of the previous species by comparing it with the available samples, studying the anatomy of the organism, or even molecular analysis of its DNA , and making sure it does not belong to any of the previous species , The scientists must describe the new type comprehensively; including ways to distinguish it from others, then give it a scientific name of its own, and then must be published name and description correctly; so that other taxonomists around the world to know what has been done, And make sure you have Their message is to distinguish the new type. Classification of a living organism requires a lot of effort and action, and sometimes it may take a while to identify the characteristics of the newly discovered organism and give it a name for several years.[1]
The importance of taxonomy
The science of classification enables scientists to study living organisms and to identify the group to which they belong, within a unified and globally approved system, based on science, not only based on similarities in the outer form, but also uses different biology, The study of the genetic makeup of living organisms, the evolutionary science that determines the adaptations that characterize organisms and their evolutionary roots, and embryology that enables the study of the embryonic development of known individuals, thus making it easier to understand older species, Newly FH, identify the group to which it belongs. [2]
Date of classification
The need for taxonomy arose early, so humans had to distinguish between beneficial and harmful organisms. Another classification of the animals was divided into five groups: creeping animals, flying animals, marine animals , pets and wild animals. Over time, the efforts of many scientists, including: [3] [4]
Aristotle : A Greek philosopher, the division of living things into plants and animals, the division of animals into blood, blood transfusions (refers to vertebrates and invertebrates), and the classification of animals according to their habitat to wild animals, marine animals, aircraft animals, To loving animals, and to beehives.
Theophrastus: Aristotle's disciple, he wrote a list of the plants that were known in his time, and divided them into (480) species.
Dioscorides: A Greek physician who classifies plants based on their medicinal properties into 600 species.
Plinius described many plants and gave them Latin names, many of which are still recognized.
John Ray: A British naturalist who first tried to classify living organisms based on their characteristics. He recognized the species as the basic unit of classification and the class of plants known in his time to (18,000) species.
Carl Linnaeus wrote many books on the classification of living organisms, classifying all living things into plants and animals, classifying plants and animals according to the external form, dividing kingdoms into smaller groups called races, dividing each species into smaller groups called species, basis for scientific: plant , animal, and the most important achievements of the bilateral label of different types; where consists of the scientific name of the two names, the first indicates the sex , which belongs to the organism, and writes the first character of it in capital letters, while typing the rest of the lowercase letters, the name The second is the name of the genre, writes lowercase, and the terms of writing the scientific name be written in italics, or placed underneath the line.
Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck: a French scholar, who developed anatomy , physiology, and the use of optical instruments that clearly helped the development of taxonomy.
Modern classification levels
According to the classification system adopted for many years, organisms were classified into five or six kingdoms: animals, plants, fungi , primates, ancient bacteria, and bacteria. But with the advance of science and the ability to analyze genetic data scientists have discovered the existence of characteristics linking some types of birds and plants, or animals more than the members of the Kingdom of the same avant-garde, which necessitated the creation of a new classification system that illustrates these differences, and created a new classification level ( , And all living beings were divided into three kingdoms: above the kingdom of primacy, above the kingdom of bacteria, and above the realm of eukaryotes. [5]
The organisms are classified using a sequential hierarchical system, in which each category falls within the other; that is, the first level of classification is broad, includes many organisms, becomes more specific, and so on until one organism is reached, The Kingdom, the Phylum, the Class, the Order, the Family, and the Genus. , And Species. [5]
To illustrate the different levels in the modern classification system, for example, the kingdom of animals, which is divided into many people, is taken into account. These include: the vertebrates, which include all vertebrates, and the division of choruses into several sects: mammals , reptiles, amphibians, And each rank is made up of many species that are divided into races, and each race is divided into species. For example, man belongs to the Eukaryotic Kingdom, the Kingdom of Animals, the Division of Carbohydrates, the Mammalian, the Parasite, the Top Monkey , Homo, and sapiens. This is the scientific name of man according to the Homo sapiens system. [5]
References
1 - ^ A b "What is Taxonomy?" , CBD Secretariat , Retrieved 3-6-2017.
2 - ↑ "Why is classification important in biology?" , SOCRATIC , 13-3-2016, Retrieved 2-6-2017. Edited.
3 - ↑ "History of Classification" , utah science , Retrieved 2-6-2017. Edited.
4 - ↑ "History of Taxonomy" , atbi.eu , Retrieved 2-6-2017. Edited.
5 - ^ A b t "TAXONOMY" , the BASIC BIOLOGY , Retrieved 2-6-2017. Edited.
By Alaa Jarrar
