A microprocessor is a chip in computer systems called the central processing unit or CPU. In this post, we will learn what are the parts of the CPU, how are they related, and what are the tasks of the processor?
The word CPU stands for Central Processing Unit. In short, this chip acts as the brain of a computer system, as all processing, calculations and decisions are made by the system's processor.
The processor and microprocessor are directly connected to the main board of the system and have vital tasks in the operation of the system; The most important tasks of the CPU are:
To give you a better understanding of CPU performance, I will give a simple example. Suppose we want to print a pdf file.
The program that is responsible for printing the file in the system includes computer codes. These codes are finally converted into machine language and processor instructions.
At a glance, these instructions are as follows:
In response to these instructions, the processor first fetches the file from the hard drive to the main memory (RAM) and then tries to access the printer. It sends the file information to the printer with its special methods and gives it the printing command.
After the printer finishes printing, it notifies the CPU. The computer processor also checks the result and displays the appropriate message.
The central processing unit in a computer is called a processor or CPU. There are different chips with more limited functions that are used for specific tasks or specific systems. These chips are called microprocessors.
The computer processor has two main and vital parts: the Control Unit and the Arithmetic – Logic Unit
The Control Unit, which is also called CU for short, is responsible for controlling and coordinating between different parts of the system. All the control work that must be done by the microprocessor is done in this unit of the processor; Including:
Arithmetic-Logic Unit or ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. This unit also performs logical operations to compare two data (such as less than, greater than or equal to).
Other complex operations are performed by combining these few simple operations; For example, if we want to raise a number to a power, we must multiply the base by the number of powers.
In your opinion, what basic operations are used to perform power operations in the computer processor?
In a more detailed view, other units help ALU and CU to carry out instructions. Theoretically, these sections may be considered in combination with the two main sections, but in terms of implementation, we also have the following units:
In addition to the two main parts, we have several other units in the processor. Each of these sections needs a comprehensive discussion and training, but I will briefly introduce them so that you can get familiar.
One of the factors that determine the speed of a microprocessor is the number of bits that can be transferred or operated on at a time. The higher the number of these bits, the faster the microprocessor.
For example, when it is said to be a 64-bit processor, it means that it can process eight bytes of information simultaneously. Of course, this work is done in microprocessors in a few microseconds.
One of the factors influencing the speed of the microprocessor is the number of operations it performs per unit of time. This rate is measured in megahertz (Mhz) or gigahertz (GHz). Each hertz is equal to one pulse per second.
The microprocessor performs a specific action in each pulse; For example, when it is said that the microprocessor speed of a computer is 4Ghz, it means that the processor performs 4 billion operations in one second.
Another effective factor in the speed and power of the microprocessor is the number of processing cores used in it. In multi-core processors, several separate processing cores are placed on a silicon board.
In multi-core processors, each processing core acts as an independent microprocessor. How to divide tasks between microprocessors and coordinate between them has separate models and discussions.
In this post, we learned about the microprocessor and its components. We learned that the microprocessor in the computer is known as the central processing unit or CPU and we learned the parts of the processor and the functions of the microprocessors.
The two main parts of the microprocessor are the control unit (for coordination) and the arithmetic - logic unit (for calculations). We have other units for better management and division of microprocessor tasks, which were: MMU, Prefetch, Bus Interface and components such as registers and clock in the processor.
Finally, in addition to the microprocessor components, I talked about the microprocessor speed unit (CPU speed) and the factors affecting the speed of processors.
I hope you enjoyed
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@albro