The Palestinian issue is a term referring to the historical and political conflict and the humanitarian problem in Palestine since the First Zionist Conference in 1897 to the present day. The Palestinian issue is also an essential part of the Arab-Israeli conflict that resulted from the emergence of Zionism and Jewish immigration to Palestine, And the role of the great powers in the events of the region. The question of Palestine revolves around the legitimacy of the State of Israel and its occupation of the Palestinian territories in several stages, on the issue of refugees and massacres committed by the occupation against the Palestinians, Adopted by the United Nations, most notably resolution 194 and 242.
The Land of Palestine
Palestine is located in the heart of the Middle East region in a strategic location between Egypt, Syria and Jordan. It is located between western Asia and North Africa. It covers an area of about 26,990 km 2. The Jebusites are the first to settle in the land and many civilizations. Palestine has religious significance in the heavenly religions During the course of its history there have been some conflicts of a religious nature, such as the Crusades.
The emergence of the Palestinian-Zionist issue
Zionism is an aggressive political movement established by the Jews of Europe in the late nineteenth century with the goal of bringing together Jews from all over the world and mobilizing them in Palestine and its neighboring Arab states for the establishment of a Jewish state. The borders of the Nile to the Euphrates. The Jews, and their expulsion from their country, and the acceleration of the establishment of the State of Israel in Palestine.
First Zionist Conference
In the 1880s, Western Jews began to adopt new theories with the aim of colonizing the Palestinian territories by replacing the attempts of civil control with the armed control. The world Zionist movement was the largest adopter of this theory. In the middle of 1880 the Zionist movement formed a group of lovers of Zion in the first Zionist Congress In Basel in 1897, where the movement demanded the establishment of a special state for Jews in the place of the Jewish historical state of Palestine. The project was met with popular anger and indignation throughout Palestine. Among the most prominent Palestinian political figures who rejected the project were Amin al-Husseini, Izz al-Din al-Qassam, and 'Abd al-Qader al-Husseini.
Balfour Declaration
The promise of Balfour is known as the promise of those who do not have the right to claim a land without a people for a people without land. The promise was made on 2/11/1917, as a support from the British government for the establishment of a national homeland for the Jews in Palestine.
British Mandate for Palestine
After the fall of the Ottoman Empire, Palestine was subject to the British mandate since 1920-1948, following the borders established by France and Britain after the First World War in the Treaty of Sevres. In 1922, the League of Nations was officially approved under the Balfour Declaration. The West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Eastern Jordan region. Jerusalem was the capital of the Mandate, and was the seat of the British Governor and the institutions of the Mandate government. With the beginning of the Mandate, Britain announced the fulfillment of the Balfour Declaration and opened the door for immigration to Palestine. However, it changed its policy in the mid-1930s. It tried to stop the Jews' .
Resolution of the partition of Palestine
The decision to partition Palestine was defined by Resolution 181, which was approved by the United Nations General Assembly in 1947. It ended the British mandate over Palestine and divided the territories into three new entities with the aim of resolving the Arab-Jewish-Zionist conflict through the establishment of two states; On the land of Palestine, and that the cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem would fall under international tutelage.
The most important Palestinian revolutions
-The 1929 Revolution: Known as the Al-Buraq revolution, compared to the western wall of the Al-Aqsa Mosque, which the Indians tried to seize.
-The revolution of 1936: This revolution witnessed many manifestations; most notably: the Palestinians stopped paying their debts and called for a general strike that lasted for six months. The revolution also witnessed attacks on British colonies and properties and attacks on British patrols.
Declaration of the establishment of Israel
The declaration of the establishment of the State of Israel on May 15, 1948, on an area of 20.770 km 2, or about 77% of the area of Palestine.
West Bank
The West Bank is a Palestinian territory comprising Nablus, Jenin, Hebron, Ramallah and other areas covering an area of 5875 km 2, or about 20.3% of the area of Palestine. It is to be annexed to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Gaza strip
The area of the Gaza Strip is about 363 km², or about 1.3% of the area of Palestine, and it is decided to place it under Egyptian administration.
Palestine's libiration organisation
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) is a paramilitary political organization founded in 1964 after the first Arab-Palestinian conference in Jerusalem. It is considered the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people at home and abroad, recognized by the Arab League and the United Nations. It later adopted the idea of establishing a secular democratic state within the borders of mandatory Palestine.
In 1988, the organization formally adopted the option of a two-state solution, living in peace with Israel, ensuring the return of refugees, independence on the 1967 borders, and East Jerusalem as the capital of the Palestinian state. In 1993, PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat officially recognized the State of Israel, Israel recognized the PLO as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people and the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank.
The uprising of stones
The spark of the Intifada was in 1987 on December 8, when an Israeli military vehicle deliberately ran over a group of Palestinian workers in front of the Erez checkpoint, killing five Palestinians and injuring seven, resulting in popular anger that began in Jabaliya camp and soon spread throughout Gaza Strip, and the following day, after the funeral of the martyrs, the anger spread to all the cities and camps in the West Bank.
The Intifada continued for a number of years and ended with a political decision on September 13, 1993, following the signing of the Oslo agreement between the PLO and the Jewish state. However, in 1996 the tunnel revolution broke out after the Israeli authorities dug a tunnel under the Al-Aqsa Mosque The al-Aqsa intifada broke out four years after Ariel Sharon's visit and his desecration of the Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Intifada was marked by military operations and most of the Palestinian factions participated.
