Compulsory conscription is the imposition by the state of mandatory military service on its citizens to achieve full military mobilization to compensate for any shortage of war-time combatants. The army invokes conscripts when needed.
Creation The origins of compulsory conscription date back to the pre-Christmas period, when some Greek cities and towns resorted to the recruitment of mercenaries to defend their territory if they were subjected to an invasion or military threat by their neighboring political entities.
Rome had long known compulsory conscription but had long been confined to nobles who had only the right to join the army, while slaves and members of the lower classes of society were barred from conscription. The nobility 's motive was to ensure their control over the other social groups that constituted the blackness of society.
Compulsory recruitment began in its original form in 1733 in the Kingdom of Prussia. The aim was to increase the number of soldiers in view of the many wars that prevailed in Europe at that stage.
The king of Prussia, Frederick III, was obsessed with the invasion of foreign armies and alliances against his country. He was also fearful of the separatist movements and rebel movements that emerged throughout the empire.
In 1798, military service was first introduced in France, and the military service was initially subject to the principle of selection and was not circulated until 1805. The service was selected for 35 persons out of every 100 registered in one canton. Compensation was prevalent. Families of nobles and bourgeoisie hired people to compensate their children If they are selected to perform military service.
Military service in France was abolished following the fall of the First Empire and the return of monarchy in 1814, but it was reaffirmed with the outbreak of the Prussian-French War of 1870. In 1905, military service was modified to become compulsory.
Due to the turbulent strategic context in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries, which was fueled by colonial ambitions and the desire to control world trade, recruitment was common in European countries but was selective and often voluntary except for periods of war such as World War I and World War II. History has a similar history because of the global nature of the two wars.
Alternatives The great technological breakthroughs in the world, particularly in the second half of the 20th century, limited the need for human quantity to weigh the balance of military power. Technical development, organization, discipline and professionalism became the most important reasons for the strength of the armies.
As the new patterns of military organization become entrenched, defense budgets have become burdensome for taxpayers and state budgets. This has led to the thought of reducing the number of troops and empowering armies instead of force. Many countries have reduced the number of their forces in quantitative terms. In 1997, for example, French President Jacques Chirac decided
Some armies have devised alternative mechanisms for military service and conscription, including voluntary military service and their goal of integrating young people who have not been trained into the army to enable them to follow a career path that ensures a smooth and smooth career. To the labor market, and to acquire professional skills that do not require a high level of knowledge.
The voluntary military service conducts military training, after which the beneficiary determines whether he wants to continue his course in the army or not. This type of service was first tested in France in the Antilles in 1961.
The civil service also appeared as a semi-voluntary work carried out by the student or student upon arrival at a certain level of education with monthly compensation for the work performed. The civil service aims to facilitate the integration of young graduates into professional life.
Source:
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