The guava plant due to the type of sexual propagation presents a great genetic variability, some molecular studies conducted by scientists have shown polymorphism and even in plants of the same population with similar characteristics, the color of the fruit can vary from white to red where the lack of pigment is recessive, and is linked to other characteristics which facilitates the work of selection.
▶ Guava grows and produces best in the tropics, at altitudes ranging from 0 to 1500 m.a.s.l.; the temperatures required for this species are very variable; the recommended temperatures for optimum reproduction range from 15.5 °C to 43°C inclusive, as the plant is sensitive to low temperatures.
The water requirement has a range between 1000 and 3400 mm of annual rainfall, this rainfall conditions is favorable for this item to produce all year round as it is a tropical fruit tree, because irrigation is recommended in times of drought.
It adapts to different types of soils, including sandy soils; fertile, deep, rich in organic matter and well drained soils are preferred, although guava is produced in any type of soil because we have a great variability of this species, the ideal soils are those that range with pH 6-7.
Guava plants have a high range of adaptation where they grow from sea level to 2000 meters altitude, species such as feijoa sellowiana thrives at 3000 meters altitude.
The guava plant presents in the axial region of the terminal branches hermaphrodite flowers, so they can autopilinize, sometimes these plants show a pattern of genetic incompatibility characteristic, for this reason insects play an important role in cross-fertilization, an aspect that supports the genetic variability characteristic of the species, it has been shown that in the same population of plants were found plants with polymorphism.
