The pyramids of Giza are one of the most famous monuments in the world. In this lesson, learn how, when and why the famous pyramids were built and their significance for Egyptian history.

context

The Pyramids of Giza are the most important and recognized pyramidal structures in the world. They were built to honor certain Pharaohs of the fourth ruling dynasty of Egypt during a period known as the Ancient Kingdom. The ancient empire was the first important era of Egyptian civilization and lasted from 2686 to 2181 BCE. The pyramidal complex at Giza consists of three main pyramids as well as the famous sphinx statue. Today, Giza is located on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt.

Three pyramids, three pharaohs

The pyramid of Khufu is the largest of the three pyramids of Giza and has the record of the largest stone structure in the world, over 480 feet high. It was built during the reign of Pharaoh Khufu, the second Pharaoh of the fourth dynasty. The second largest pyramid in Giza is that of the son of Khufu, Khafra. It is believed that the famous statue of the Sphinx was built to honor and resemble the Pharaoh Khafra and stands next to his pyramid. The third and smallest of the main pyramids of Giza is that of another pharaoh of the fourth dynasty, Menkaure. It reaches just over 200 feet in height. Each of these pyramids forms the center of its own complex of structures, including smaller tombs, chambers, workplaces, and cemeteries for the smaller elites.

Historical importance

The pyramids were built in the history of ancient Egypt as a way for the Pharaohs to demonstrate their power. Upon the death of a pharaoh, his body was mummified and buried, sometimes in the form of pyramid or tomb along with valuable assets and often even domesticated pets and mummified for use in the afterlife. It was believed that a pharaoh was a semi-divine being who ruled the earth during life and who passed to an afterlife among the gods. Religion was at the very center of Egyptian society, and Pharaoh was both a religious and secular leader.

RE: HivePH Wk3: Environmental Awareness