Evolution: Precisely

Hi everyone. I'd like to present the theories related to evolution.
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Theories related to origin of universe.

1. Theory of Special Creation:

Some super natural power (god) created entire universe.¹ According to science this is not acceptable (controversial).

2. Theory of spontaneous creation from non-living material: living organisms come from non-living things like soil. For example, worms, insects frogs etc are directly come soil. But this not acceptable, because worms, insects..etc, may also come from larvae,eggs..etc. Directly from soil is not possible to form new species.⁸

3. Biogenesis Theory: Proposed by Henry Charlton Bastian. Life comes from pre-existing life. But we don't know how the first life was formed.²

4. Cosmic/ Panspermitaic/ Interplanetary Theory: Life comes from other planet in the form of seed (or) spore called panspermia.⁹ Its not acceptable, because till today , scientists didn't identify the life on planet other than earth.

5. Modern/ Naturalistic/ Chemosynthetic Theory: Its also known as oparin- Haldane theory. Oparin proposed and Haldane supported. All chemicals fused together finally formed a life. For fusing of chemicals, energy is taken from earth, cosmic rays, lighting, thundering,.etc. Finally simple material converted to complex material. All molecules together form complex materials like carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids,fats, DNA..etc. Slowly micro molecules combinely form macromolecules and molecules combinely form a life.³

Free atoms fused together form inorganic molecules, inorganic molecules fused together form organic molecules, organic molecules fused together form simple molecules, then simple molecules fused together form complex molecules.

The complex molecules converted to coacervates. Coacervates is cell like aggregates. These coacervates converted to ebionts. Ebionts are precells. Pre cell is a cell like organism with divisional power. Ebionts converted to primitive cells. The first primitive cell is blue green algae. First life on the earth is blue green algae or cyno bacteria. Chemosynthetic theory experimentally supported by miller and urey.

After origin of earth and origin of life, how the simple organisms transformed to complex organisms ?

The above question was explained with some theories. They are

Author	Theory
Lamacrk theory	Author of book "Philosophic Zoologique"
Darwin theory	Author of book "Origin Of Species"
August Weissman	Germplasm theory
Hugo de Vries	Mutation theory

Lmark theory:

He proposed some rules/theories. Based on that rules he explained the evolution.

1. environmental effects (temperature, light..etc) present on organisms.

2. Use and Disuse rule: Because of the environment effect, some organs/parts/materials are used more and some are not used.

3. Inheritance of aquaried characters: The used/ disused characters are formed because of environmental effect, some changes takes and those characters enter into next generation.

4. Speciation: Continuously for years of years, some materials are used/disused because of environmental effect - that materials change their characteristics, after many years they become new species.

He explained this theory by taking giraffe as an example. Giraffe's neck elongation in drought time. But this theory was objected by many scientists. Because for example, Indians for thousand of years onwards they wear earrings, nose rings through punching hole on ear/nose. So according to this theory next generation should born with holes on ears/nose, but it doesn't happen.

Darwin theory:

Over production (organisms are produced in more numbered). Overproduced organisms struggle for their existence (try to survive for food, environment..etc). That leads to form a variation in that organism. This variation is selected by nature/natural selection/survival of fittest (survival organism). The characters in survival organisms enter into next generations ( Inheriting useful characteristics).⁵
For example, deer's running is inhereted to next generation. Primitive deer had no running capacity, now a deer has fast running capacity because survival of fittest.

Germplasm Theory:

Any changes in DNA, then only it's character enter into next generation. So punching on ear is physical not DNA change.⁶ So this character does not enter into next generation.

Mutation Theory:

Owing to sudden changes in DNA, new characteristics are formed and continue to the next generation and finally new species are formed.⁷

Sources:

1. Smithson's Theory of Special Creation , Noble Smithson.

2. Biogenesis: Theories of Life's origin:, Lahav, Noam.

3. The origin of life on the earth, Alexander Oparin.

4. On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin.

5. Philosophie zoologique (Philosophie zoologique, ou Exposition des considérations relatives à l'histoire naturelle des animaux) ,
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

6. The germ-plasm, August Weismann.

7. Die Mutationstheorie (1901–03; The Mutation Theory), Hugo de Vries.

8. Theory of Spontaneous generation, Aristotle.

9. Anaxagoras and the Origin of Panspermia Theory.

Thank you for your time to read the post.