Lin and Yotvat (1990) explained that applying a MF-treated water increases the productivity of the water both for crops and for livestock. Similarly, a number of studies showed MF treatments increased flowering and overall fruit production of strawberries and tomatoes. Duarte Diaz and others (1997) observed a MF treatment increased the absorption of nutrients into tomatoes. Some major effects of seed treatment with a magnetic medium, or a MF-irrigated water, on plants included growth rates, transplanted weight at maturity, transplanted leaf area, and germination. Applying a MW-treated squash increased the mass of the squash. The effects of magnetic treatment before planting of tomatoes on the growth and fruit yield increased the average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, fruit yield per acreage, and yield increased in comparison to the control.
Wheat seeds were imbibed with water overnight, then treated with or without 30 mT of static magnetic field (SMF) and 10 kHz EMF for 4 days, every 5 h. Exposure to both MMFs increased germination rate, in comparison to control groups, suggesting the promotional effects of EMFs on the membrane integrity and growth characteristics of wheat seedlings (Payez et al., 2013). The provision of magnetized water to plants has an additive effect on growth and development. For instance, yield increases can decrease or be reversed when temperatures are above a crops optimal levels, and when adequate water and nutrients are unavailable.
For each specific crop, the impact of increased temperature will depend on a crops optimum temperature for growth and reproduction. A However, other factors, such as changing temperatures, ozone, and constraints on water and nutrients, can offset these potential increases in yield. In addition, over the next few decades, yield gaps could potentially increase because of slower genetic improvements of plants in organic agriculture.
In Section 3, we also discuss how the yield gaps may widen if more farmers adopt organic agriculture. In developing countries, yields from organic farming are 9 percent lower than those from conventional farming, yet, in developing countries, authors argue that organic practices will improve yields by as much as 74 percent (Badgley et al. There is increasing evidence that the difference in yields between the experimental stations and farmers fields is greater with organic compared with conventional methods (Kravchenko et al.)
Functional diversity under soil may also be supported and promoted by adding organic inputs (e.g., manure and crop residues) or by reducing soil disturbances (e.g., reduced tilling), leading to stratification of the soil and thus increased niches (10). Crop management based on diversified practices, that increase core elements of biodiversity, has been suggested as having the potential for reduced environmental impacts with no adverse effects on crop yields ( ).
Functional diversity below ground can also be supported and stimulated through addition of organic inputs (e.g., manure and crop residues) or reducing soil disturbance (e.g., reduced tillage ), which lead to soil stratification and thereby more niches (10- Crop management based on diversification practices that enhance key elements of biodiversity has been suggested to reduce impacts on the environment without negative effects on crop yields (4 ). Plant productivity can be increased through the application of plant growth promoters, microbial inoculation in soil, organic and inorganic manure, as well as through a number of non-conventional approaches like plant breeding and genetic engineering (Radhakrishnan and Li 2013; Radhakrishnan & Li ).
The studies above suggest that applying a magnetic field (MF) treatment to water can increase the productivity of crops and livestock. Additionally, MF treatments have been shown to increase the absorption of nutrients into plants, leading to improved growth rates and increased fruit yield. In some cases, applying a magnetic field treatment to seeds before planting has been shown to increase the average fruit weight, fruit yield per plant, and fruit yield per acreage. Overall, the evidence suggests that magnetic field treatments can have a positive effect on plant growth and productivity.
Exposing wheat seeds to a static magnetic field (SMF) and electromagnetic field (EMF) for four days increased their germination rate compared to a control group. This suggests that magnetic field treatments can have a positive effect on the growth and development of wheat seedlings. However, it is important to note that the effects of magnetic fields on plant growth may vary depending on environmental factors such as temperature and availability of water and nutrients. In some cases, the positive effects of magnetic field treatments on plant growth and development may be reduced or reversed under certain conditions.
There is also a discussion around the potential for yield gaps to increase in organic agriculture. It mentions that in developing countries, yields from organic farming are 9 percent lower than those from conventional farming. However, other authors argue that organic practices have the potential to improve yields by as much as 74 percent in developing countries. The study also notes that there is increasing evidence that the difference in yields between experimental stations and farmers fields is greater with organic compared to conventional methods. This suggests that the performance of organic farming in real-world conditions may be less favorable than in controlled experimental settings.
While also noting the different ways you could create functional diversity in soil that can be supported and promoted. It mentions that adding organic inputs such as manure and crop residues, or reducing soil disturbances such as tillage, can lead to increased stratification of the soil and create more niches for different species to live in. The study also suggests that crop management practices that increase key elements of biodiversity have the potential to reduce environmental impacts without harming crop yields. Additionally, the passage mentions that plant productivity can be increased through the use of plant growth promoters, microbial inoculation, and organic and inorganic fertilizers, as well as through plant breeding and genetic engineering. Overall, it is suggesting that various strategies can be used to support functional diversity in soil and improve plant productivity.
Cited Sources
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https://www.cwejournal.org/vol9no3/applications-of-magnetic-water-technology-in-farming-and-agriculture-development-a-review-of-recent-advances 4
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