Hello everyone,hope you all are doing well and i am too and i request you all to went through all my previous posts so that you can get some knowledge about human body.coming to the post now i am going to tell about ulnar nerve the major nerve which is left to study.

ULNAR NERVE

Origin - Medial cord of brachial plexus

Supplies - 1.Arm - no supply

       2.Forearm - *medial 1½ muscles of anterior compartment*
   a)*flexor carpi ulnaris*
   b)*flexor digitorum profoundus(medial half)*

       3.Hand - *a)hypothenar muscles*, b)*all interossei(4 palmar+4 dorsal)*, c)*lumbricals -L3,L4 4)*adductor pollicis(graveyard  of the ulnar nerve as it goes and ends there)*

Ulnar supplies 15 muscles of hand so it is called dominant hand of nerve of hand.

It is also called musician's nerve

Ulnar nerve passes behind medial epicondlye and it enters forarm by passing between the heads of flexor carpi ulnaris through the cubital tunnel. When cubital tuneel compresses ulnar nerve then it leads to cubital tunnel syndrome.

Ulnar nerve passes superficial to flexor retinaculum and it gives to two branches superficial branch deep branch

To make you understand i made a schematic diagram

CLINICAL ASPECTS

Site of injury	Higher lesion	lower lesion
Causes	fracture of medial epicondyle,cubital tunnel syndrome	wrist laceration or slashing,guyon's canal syndrome
Motor loss	claw hand deformity,hypothenar&interosseous wasting	claw hand deformity(more pronounced),hypothenar&interosseous wasting
Sensory loss	over palmar&dorsal aspect of the medial third of the hand,sensory loss over palmar&dorsal aspect of the medial 1½ fingers	No sensory loss over palmar&dorsal aspect of the medial third of the hand,sensory loss over palmar&dorsal aspect of the medial 1½ fingers
Tests	card test- positive, froment sign- positive	card test- positive,froment sign- positive

ClAW HAND

Image source

TESTS-
These tests are done to find ulnar nerve is injured or not.
I will demonstate the tests and its interpretations.

1.card test
To test - palmar interrosei muscles
In this test a card is placed in between fingers(mainly between little finger and ring finger)of patient and asked to hold the card between fingers.then doctor will try to pull the card.

Interpretation - if he cannot hold the card then we cane to know that adduction is impaired i.e., palmer interrosei muscles are paralysed due to injury to ulnar nerve.so patient cannot hold card in between fingers.

2.Froment test/sign

To test - adductor pollicis muscle

Patient is asked to hold the card between thumb and index finger like in the 1st image.so 1st image shows the patient is holding in a correct way byusing his adductor pollicis muscle. So froment sign is negative.

In the second image the patient is hold the card but he is not holding the card by using adductor pollicis.instead he used flexor pollicis longus muscle which is supplies by median nerve.so here adductor pollicis is not working due to injury to ulnar nerve.so patient cannot adduct his thumb to hold the card instead he flexes thumb by using flexor pollicis muscles to hold the card.then froment sign is said to be positive.

Froment sign - negative