The general meaning of the word fast is to refrain. That is why it is said to be silent or silent to fast. The person who is silent is called Sayam. Allah Ta'ala narrated the events of the Prophet Maryam, saying that the firma tareenna minal bashari Ahadan fakuli ini najratu leh rahamani shawman phalan waklimimal yawama ini
Meaning: If you see anybody (after childbirth), then you say, 'I swear to the Most Gracious, fasting or fasting (refraining from saying). So today I will not talk to any person. (Surah Maryam: Verse 26)
[Quran Qur'anic verse of this verse: Allah said about the birth of a child in the womb of Maryam, that you do not have to say anything about the child. It is my responsibility to answer anyone who objected to his birth, (Allah). It is to be noted that there was a practice of fasting on the method of refraining from silence or talking among the Israelites.]
Needless to say here, 'Sawm' means refrain from talking.
In the Shari'ah terminology, fasting and fasting, worshiping Allah by fasting from the day before dawn and drinking sunrise, wife-to-mouth, obscenity, and futile hunger.
Because the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "It is not only fasting to refrain from eating; Rather, the name of the abstinence and refrain from indecency (real) is fast. So if someone calls you abusively or shows your ignorance, then tell him (without taking remedies or revenge) that I have fasted, I have fasted, I have fasted. (Mustardrake Hakim, Ibn Hibbah, Sahih Jamees Sagir)
Fasting or fasting in the previous religion
Ramadan is not the fasting of the month of Ramadan or fasting for people. Because fasting or fasting is a worship that Allah has made sincerely for the sake of Allah Ta'ala slave. Which we get in the Quran.
Allah said, Yaya Ayyuhlazina amanu kutiba alaikumus siyamu kamma kutiba alalajina min kabbalikum laalaakum tattakun (Surah Baqarah: Verse 183) Meaning: O you who believe! Fasting is prescribed for you, just as it was prescribed on your pre-Ummah. So that you may be pious.
From this it is understood that fasting was prejudiced for all previous Ummahs. The Jews and Christians used to abstain from certain things at certain times. From the current reforms of the Torah and the Injīl it is also known that Allah Ta'ala made Rosa prescribed on the previous servants.
When the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to Medina from Makkah, he saw that the Jews of Medina were fasting on the Ashura. Then he asked them, "Is this the day that you fast?" Said the Yehudis, "This is a great day. On this day Allaah gave salvation to Moses and his people and destroyed Pharaoh and his people by submerging in the water. So Musa (peace be upon him) had fasted on this day for his gratitude. And so we also fast on this day.
The Prophet (peace be upon him) said, "We are more entitled to you than to perform the remembrance of Musa." So he fasted on that day and ordered everyone to fast. (Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim).
Why do we fast?
The great grace of Allah is that he has imposed restrictions on the slave on various occasions at different stages of order and prohibition. In many cases, it is obligatory to compulsorily compulsory and forbidden. Similar is a compulsory fasting or fasting in the month of Ramadan. He made some obligatory steps on the Prophet (peace be upon him) from time to time.
First Step:
The beloved Prophet (peace be upon him) used to observe three fasting every month. On seeing this, the companions of the Companions used to fast after the Prophet (peace be upon him). So that fasting practice is made.
Second step:
The Quraish have fasted the Ashura during the ignorant era. Then the Prophet (peace be upon him) came to Medina from Makkah and kept fasting and fasting on the day of Ashura, in order to follow the memory of Prophet Moses (peace be on him) and follow the guidance of Prophet Moses (peace be upon him) and instructed his companions to fast this fast. Then this fasting was obligatory.
Step 3:
Then the verse of Quran or Ramadan was revealed in the verses of Quran. But at the beginning, the fasting was still not full. Whoever would like to fast, and gave food to the poor without leaving anybody's will. But fasting was liked by Allah at the court.
In this connection, Allah says, those who do not want to keep fast but they will feed a young person instead. The person who does good with happiness is good for him. And if you fast, it is good for you; If you can understand. (Surah Al-Baqarah: Verse 184)
Step Four:
On the second date of second Hijri Shaban, on Monday, the fasting month of Ramadan is compulsory for every capable adult Muslim. In this regard, Allah Almighty said, "Gahru Ramazanlawi Unjilah Fehil Qur'an Hudlinnasi wa Baiyinatim Minal Huda Waal Furqan; Femen Shaheda Minkumush Shahar Falayasumuh. (Surat Al-Baqarah: Verse 185). Meaning - month of Ramadan; The Qur'an has been revealed in the month as the difference between the clear and clear signs of the people and the path of honesty and truth. So whoever among you is this month
