Taqiuddin was a skilled astronomer, clockmaker, and Muslim scientist who operated machinery in the Ottoman Sultanate. In 1551, he invented a device. He made this device to rotate a meat skewer placed on a fire automatically. He closed a copper pot filled with water and placed its narrow tube, or pipe, in front of a wheel. When the fire was lit under the pot, the water would boil and the steam created inside would flow towards the tube. The tube would turn the steam into a strong current and hit the fan, causing the wheel to start spinning rapidly. The meat skewer was attached to this wheel, so the skewer also kept spinning continuously as the wheel turned. In this way, later scientists used this power of steam to move it forward through more powerful boilers, cylinders, and pistons. Thus, the basic principle of Taqiuddin's small device later took the form of large engines in factories, ships, and trains.
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