The Project Gutenberg eBook, Ceylon; an Account of the Island Physical, Historical, and Topographical with Notices of Its Natural History, Antiquities and Productions, Volume 1 (of 2), by James Emerson Tennent
E-text prepared by Carnegie Mellon University, Juliet Sutherland, Leonard Johnson, and the Project Gutenberg Online Distributed Proofreading Team
CEYLON
AN ACCOUNT OF THE ISLAND
PHYSICAL, HISTORICAL, AND TOPOGRAPHICAL
NOTICES OF ITS NATURAL HISTORY, ANTIQUITIES AND PRODUCTIONS
SIR JAMES EMERSON TENNENT, K.C.S. LL.D. &c.
FOURTH EDITION, THOROUGHLY REVISED
VOLUME I.
LONDON
1860
CONTENTS
OF
THE FIRST VOLUME.
PART I.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER I.
GEOLOGY.—MINERALOGY.—GEMS.
CHAP. II.
CLIMATE.—HEALTH AND DISEASE.
CHAP. III
VEGETATION.—TREES AND PLANTS.
PART II.
ZOOLOGY.
CHAPTER I.
MAMMALIA.
CHAP. II.
BIRDS.
CHAP. III.
REPTILES.
CHAP. IV.
FISHES.
CHAP. V.
MOLLUSCA, RADIATA, AND ACALEPHÆ.
CHAP. VI.
INSECTS.
CHAP. VII.
ARACHNIDE, MYRIOPODA, CRUSTACEA, ETC.
PART III.
THE SINGHALESE CHRONICLES.
CHAPTER I.
SOURCES OF SINGHALESE HISTORY—THE MAHAWANSO.
CHAP. II.
THE ABORIGINES.
CHAP. III.
CONQUEST OF WIJAYO, B.C. 543.—ESTABLISHMENT OF BUDDHISM, B.C. 307.
CHAP. IV.
THE BUDDHIST MONUMENTS.
CHAP. V.
SINGHALESE CHIVALRY.—ELALA AND DUTUGAIMUNU.
CHAP. VI.
THE INFLUENCES OP BUDDHISM ON CIVILISATION.
CHAP. VII.
FATE OF THE ABORIGINES.
CHAP. VIII.
EXTINCTION OF THE GREAT DYNASTY.
CHAP. IX
KINGS OF THE LOWER DYNASTY.
CHAP. X.
DOMINATION OF THE MALABARS.
CHAP. XI.
THE REIGN OF PRAKRAMA BAHU.
CHAP. XII.
FATE OF THE SINGHALESE MONARCHY.
ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE, A.D. 1505.
PART IV.
SCIENCES AND SOCIAL ARTS.
CHAPTER I.
POPULATION, CASTE, SLAVERY, AND RAJA-KARIYA.
CHAP. II.
AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION, CATTLE, AND CROPS.
CHAP. III.
EARLY COMMERCE, SHIPPING, AND PRODUCTIONS.
CHAP. IV.
MANUFACTURES.
CHAP. V.
WORKING IN METALS.
CHAP. VI.
ENGINEERING.
CHAP. VII.
THE FINE ARTS.
CHAP. VIII.
SOCIAL LIFE.
CHAP. IX.
SCIENCES.
CHAP. X.
SINGHALESE LITERATURE.
CHAP. XI.
BUDDHISM AND DEMON-WORSHIP.
PART V.
MEDIÆVAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE GREEKS AND ROMANS.
CHAP. II.
INDIAN, ARABIAN, AND PERSIAN AUTHORITIES.
CHAP. III.
CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE CHINESE.
CHAP. IV.
CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE MOORS, GENOESE, AND VENETIANS.
ILLUSTRATIONS IN THE FIRST VOLUME
NOTICE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
NOTICE TO THE THIRD EDITION.
NOTICE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
INTRODUCTION.
PART I.
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER I
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY.—GEOLOGY.—MINERALOGY.—GEMS, CLIMATE, ETC.
CHAP. II.
CLIMATE.—HEALTH AND DISEASE.
CHAP. III.
VEGETATION.—TREES AND PLANTS.
PART II.
ZOOLOGY.
CHAPTER I.
MAMMALIA.
NOTE (A.)
CHAP. II.
BIRDS.
List of Ceylon Birds.
NOTE.
CHAP. III.
REPTILES.
CHAP. IV.
FISHES.
NOTE (A.)
INSTANCES OF FISHES FALLING FROM THE CLOUDS IN INDIA.
NOTE (B.)
MIGRATION OF FISHES OVER LAND.
NOTE (C.)
CEYLON FISHES.
CHAP. V.
CONCHOLOGY, ETC.
I. THE SHELLS OF CEYLON.
2 RADIATA.
CHAP. VI
INSECTS.
CHAP. VII
ARACHNIDA—MYRIOPODA—CRUSTACEA, ETC.
PART III.
THE SINGHALESE CHRONICLES.
CHAPTER I.
SOURCES OF SINGHALESE HISTORY.—THE MAHAWANSO AND OTHER NATIVE ANNALS.
NOTE (A.)
ANCIENT MAP OF CEYLON.
NOTE (B.)
NATIVE SOVEREIGNS OF CEYLON.
CHAP. II.
THE ABORIGINAL INHABITANTS OF CEYLON.
NOTE.
DESCRIPTION IN THE MAHAWANSO OF THE LANDING OF WIJAYO.
CHAP. III
THE CONQUEST OF CEYLON BY WIJAYO, B.C. 543, AND THE ESTABLISHMENT OF BUDDHISM, B.C. 307.
CHAP. IV.
THE EARLY BUDDHIST MONUMENTS.
CHAP V.
SINGHALESE CHIVALRY.—ELALA AND DUTUGAIMUNU.
CHAP. VI.
THE INFLUENCE OF BUDDHISM ON CIVILISATION.
CHAP. VII
FATE OF THE ABORIGINES.
CHAP. VIII
EXTINCTION OF THE "GREAT DYNASTY."
CHAP. IX.
KINGS OF THE "LOWER DYNASTY."
CHAP. X.
THE DOMINATION OF THE MALABARS.
CHAP XI.
THE REIGN OF PRAKRAMA BAHU.
CHAP. XII.
FATE OF THE SINGHALESE MONARCHY.—ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE, A.D. 1501.
PART IV.
SCIENCES AND SOCIAL ARTS
OF
THE ANCIENT SINGHALESE.
CHAPTER I
POPULATION.—CASTE.—SLAVERY AND RAJA-KARIYA.
CHAP. II.
AGRICULTURE.—IRRIGATION.—CATTLE AND CROPS.
CHAP. III
EARLY COMMERCE, SHIPPING, AND PRODUCTIONS.
CHAP. IV.
MANUFACTURES.
CHAP. V.
WORKING IN METALS.
CHAP. VI.
ENGINEERING.
CHAP. VII.
THE FINE ARTS.
CHAP. VIII.
DOMESTIC LIFE.
CHAP. IX.
ASTRONOMY, ETC.
CHAP. X.
SINGHALESE LITERATURE.
CHAP. XI.
BUDDHISM AND DEMON-WORSHIP.[1]
PART V.
MEDIÆVAL HISTORY.
CHAPTER I.
CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE GREEKS AND ROMANS.
NOTE (A).
CHAP. II
INDIAN, ARABIAN, AND PERSIAN AUTHORITIES.
CHAP. III.
CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE CHINESE.
NOTE.
CHAP. IV.
CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE MOORS, GENOESE, AND VENETIANS.
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