November 18

Events

• 326 – The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.
• 401 – The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy.
• 1095 – The Council of Clermont begins: called by Pope Urban II, it led to the First Crusade to the Holy Land.
• 1105 – Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV.
• 1180 – Phillip II becomes king of France.
• 1210 – Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV.
• 1282 – Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon.
• 1302 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam, claiming spiritual supremacy for the papacy.
• 1421 – A seawall at the Zuiderzee dike in the Netherlands breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people. This event will be known as St Elizabeth's flood.
• 1493 – Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico.

Births

• 701 – Itzam K'an Ahk II, Mayan ruler (d. 757)
• 709 – Emperor Kōnin of Japan (d. 782)
• 1522 – Lamoral, Count of Egmont (d. 1568)
• 1571 – Hippolytus Guarinonius, Italian physician and polymath (d. 1654)
• 1576 – Philipp Ludwig II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1612)
• 1630 – Eleonora Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1686)
• 1647 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher and author (d. 1706)
• 1727 – Philibert Commerson, French physician and explorer (d. 1773)
• 1736 – Carl Friedrich Christian Fasch, German harpsichord player and composer (d. 1800)
• 1756 – Thomas Burgess, English bishop and philosopher (d. 1837)
• 1772 – Prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia (d. 1806)
• 1774 – Wilhelmine of Prussia, Queen of the Netherlands (d. 1837)

Deaths

• 942 – Odo of Cluny, Frankish abbot and saint (b. c. 878)
• 953 – Liutgard of Saxony, duchess of Lorraine (b. 931)
• 1100 – Thomas of Bayeux, archbishop of York
• 1154 – Adelaide of Maurienne, French queen consort (b. 1092)
• 1170 – Albert the Bear, margrave of Brandenburg (b. c. 1100)
• 1247 – Robin Hood, heroic outlaw in English folklore (b. 1160)
• 1259 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologian
• 1305 – John II, duke of Brittany (b. 1239)
• 1313 – Constance of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (b. 1290)
• 1441 – Roger Bolingbroke, English cleric, astronomer, astrologer, magister and alleged necromancer
• 1472 – Basilius Bessarion, titular patriarch of Constantinople (b. c. 1403)
• 1482 – Gedik Ahmed Pasha, Ottoman politician, 17th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire

Holidays and observances

• Christian feast day:
  • Abhai of Hach (Syriac Orthodox Church)
  • Dedication of Saints Peter and Paul
  • Juthwara
  • Mabyn (Roman Catholic Church and Anglicanism)
  • The main day of the Feast of the Virgen de Chiquinquirá or Chinita's Fair (Maracaibo, Venezuela)
  • Rose Philippine Duchesne
  • November 18 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Day of Army and Victory (Haiti)
• Independence Day (Morocco), celebrates the independence of Morocco from France and Spain in 1956.
• Married To A Scorpio Support Day (Chase's Calendar of Events)
• National Apple Cider Day (United States)
• National Day (Oman)
• National Vichyssoise Day (United States)
• Proclamation Day of the Republic of Latvia celebrates the independence of Latvia from Russia in 1918.
• Remembrance Day of the Sacrifice of Vukovar in 1991 (Croatia)